人工智能机器人劳动者主体身份的反思与应然转向

Reflection and Appropriate Steering on Laborer Subject Identity of Artificial Intelligence Robot

人工智能技术的发展带来了生产领域的技术革新,同时也对传统劳动关系构成了直接冲击。劳动法学界关于人工智能劳动者主体地位存在肯定说、否定说和暂缓说的主张。从技术层面来看,人工智能对人类劳动的技术性取代其实是有范围限定的,那些具有强烈的文化情感寄托或具有较高共情能力要求的工作决定了其不具备技术可替代性,从法律层面来看,不论从机体构造亦或从工作原理来看,人工智能机器人都与人类存在巨大差异,尚不具备赋予人工智能机器人劳动者主体身份的条件。因此,有必要对人工智能机器人的劳动法律地位作出既区别于自然人劳动者,也有别于单纯工具的法律地位界定,进而构建自然人劳动者和人工智能机器人双维劳动关系类型。

The development of artificial intelligence technology has brought about technological innovation in the field of production,but also has a direct impact on the traditional labor relations.In the field of labor law,there are affirmations,negations and postponements on the subject status of artificial intelligence laborers.From the perspective of technology,artificial intelligence actually has a limited scope to replace human labor with technology.Those jobs that have strong cultural emotional sustenance or higher empathy ability do not have technical substitutability.From the legal perspective,no matter from the structure of the body or from the principle of work,artificial intelligence robots are greatly different from human beings,and do not have the conditions to give artificial intelligence robot labors the subject status.Therefore,it is necessary to define the legal status of artificial intelligence robots,which is different from that of natural labors and simple tools,so as to construct the two-dimension labor relationship between natural labors and artificial intelligence robots.