不同熟期玉米品种茎秆抗倒伏特性研究

Study on Anti-lodging Characters of Maize Hybrids Differing in Maturities

为促进黑土区玉米抗倒伏栽培和育种,本试验以不同熟期16个玉米品种(早熟品种4个,中熟品种3个,晚熟品种9个)为供试材料,种植密度为6万株·hm^-2,对株高、穗位高,节间长度、粗度、质量、密度及其穿刺强度、折断力进行研究,探讨黑龙江省不同熟期玉米品种茎秆抗倒伏特性差异。结果表明:就不同熟期品种而言,玉米株高、穗位高和穗高系数随熟期延迟呈增加趋势,晚熟品种>中熟品种>早熟品种,早熟、中熟和晚熟玉米品种穗高系数分别为0.33、0.39和0.43。早熟品种第1、2、3节间长度和粗度与中晚熟品种差异显著,而中熟品种与晚熟品种差异不显著。早熟品种第1、2节间重和第1、5节间密度显著高于中晚熟品种。不同品种穗下全部节位的节间重和密度均值呈早熟品种>晚熟品种、中熟品种的变化趋势。就玉米茎秆不同节间而言,随玉米节间位置的上升,各玉米品种节间粗度、密度、穿刺强度和折断力下降;中晚熟品种节间重和长度呈单峰曲线变化,最大值出现在第5、6节。总体而言,早熟品种较中晚熟品种株高、穗位低,节间重、密度和穿刺强度大,有利于茎秆抗倒伏,而中晚熟品种较早熟品种节间长度小、粗度大和抗折断力强,因此不同熟期玉米品种茎秆抗倒伏特性需综合评价。

The paper discussed the difference of anti-lodging characters of maize hybrids differing in maturities in Heilongjiang province,so as to provide reference for the anti-lodging cultivation and breeding in black soil area.In the experiment,sixteen maize hybrids differing in maturities were used as test materials:four early matury hybrids,three medium matury hybrids and nine late matury hybrids,the planting density was 60000 plants per hectare.And eight stalk morphological characters were investigated,such as plant height,ear height,internode length,diameter,quality,density,puncture strength and breaking force.For maize hybrids differing in maturities,the results showed that plant height,ear height and ear height coefficient increased with the delay of maturities,and the changing tendency was late maturity hybrids>medium maturity hybrids>early maturity hybrids.Ear-height coefficients of early,medium and late maturity maize hybrids were 0.33,0.39 and 0.43,respectively.The first,second and third internode lengths and diameters of early maturity maize hybrids were significantly different from those of medium and late hybrids,while the difference between the medium and late hybrids was not significant.The internode qualities of the first and second internode and the internode densities of the first and fifth internode of early maturity maize hybrids were significantly higher than those of medium and late hybrids.The means of internode quality and density of all nodes under ear were as follows:late maturity hybrids>early maturity hybrids>medium maturity hybrids.In terms of the different internodes of the stalk,with the increase of internode position,the internodes diameter,density,puncture strength and breaking force decreased.The internode quality and length of medium and late maturity hybrids showed a single peak curve,and the maximum value appeared at the fifth internode and sixth internode.In general,early matury hybrids were lower plant height and ear height,higher internode quality,density and puncture strength than the medium and late matury hybrids,so it was conducive to stalk aiti-lodging resistance.While the medium and late matury hybrids were less internode length,higher internode diameter,and stronger breaking force than early matury hybrids.Therefore,the stalk anti-lodging resistance of maize hybrids differing in maturities needs comprehensive evaluation.