江西省典型城市气象因素对PM2.5和PM10污染特征影响分析——以萍乡市为例

Analysis of the Impact of Meteorological Factors on the Pollution Characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 in the Typical Cities of Jiangxi Province-Taking Pingxiang City as an Example

根据萍乡生态环境监测中心提供的2017年1—12月PM2.5、PM102项常规大气污染物及降水量、风速、温度、相对湿度等气象参数数据,探讨了气象因素对PM2.5和PM10污染特征影响。对于降水量来说,尤其是在夏季,两者之间的负相关关系最为明显,夏季多强降水天气居多,PM10和PM2.5质量浓度均处于全年较低水平。冬季出现轻度污染上的天数最多,平均风速相对较小;夏季出现轻度污染的天数相对较少,平均风速比冬季高。PM2.5和PM10质量浓度与气温之间呈现出负相关,也就是随着气温的增高,浓度逐渐降低,反之,浓度就会逐渐增加。当相对湿度≥70%时,PM10和PM2.5质量浓度大多数保持在较低水平;当相对湿度<70%时,PM10和PM2.5的质量浓度变化范围较大。结果表明萍乡市主要大气污染物PM2.5和PM10的质量浓度与降水量、风速、气温和相对湿度等气象因素均呈现出负相关关系。因此,降水量、风速、气温和相对湿度等气象因素均会影响萍乡市PM2.5和PM10的污染特征。该研究结果可为萍乡市空气质量预警预报及大气污染防治工作提供一定的理论支撑。

According to the data from January to December 2017 provided by Pingxiang ecological environment monitoring center,which includes two conventional atmospheric pollutants such as PM2.5 and PM10 and meteorological parameters such as precipitation,wind speed,temperature and relative humidity,the influence of meteorological factors on pollution characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 was discussed.For precipitation,especially in summer,the negative correlation between the two is the most obvious.In summer,there are most heavy precipitation weather,and the mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 are at low levels throughout the year.The number of days with light pollution in winter is the most,and the average wind speed is relatively low;the number of days with light pollution in summer is relatively few,and the average wind speed is higher than in winter.There is a negative correlation between the mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 and the temperature,that is,as the temperature increases,the concentration gradually decreases,otherwise,the concentration will gradually increase.When the relative humidity is greater than or equal to 70%,the mass concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 is mostly kept at a low level;when the relative humidity is less than 70%,the mass concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 varies widely.The results show that the mass concentration of the main atmospheric pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 in Pingxiang city has a negative correlation with meteorological factors such as precipitation,wind speed,temperature and relative humidity.Therefore,meteorological factors such as precipitation,wind speed,temperature and relative humidity will all affect the pollution characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 in Pingxiang city.The research results can provide certain theoretical support for air quality early warning and forecasting and air pollution prevention and control in Pingxiang city.