土壤中铀的赋存形态及放射性污染治理研究进展

Advances in Research on Occurrence of Uranium in Soil and Radioactive Pollution Control

铀是具有放射性的特殊重金属,铀在土壤中的赋存形态直接影响其毒性以及向植物中迁移转化的能力,因此研究铀的赋存形态对铀污染土壤的治理与修复具有重要意义。为研究土壤中铀的赋存形态,讨论了常用的土壤中铀的提取方法,综述了放射性污染土壤的化学、生物修复技术。结果显示;对比Tessier法和BCR法2种连续提取法的优缺点,需进一步优化连续提取方法,建立统一操作规范、提取流程,使提取结果具有可比性;前人对土壤中铀化学形态的研究多侧重于土壤中铀的形态分布、生态有效性等方面,定性研究较多,难以对土壤铀污染进行有效的定量评估;通过分析不同的修复技术的原理、使用条件以及优缺点,提出综合性修复技术可在一定程度上解决单一修复技术存在的问题,因此探讨复合修复技术将成为未来的主攻方向。

Uranium is a special heavy metal with radioactivity.The occurrence form of uranium in soil directly affects its toxicity and the ability of migration and transformation to plants.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the occurrence forms of uranium for remediation and remediation of uranium contaminated soi.In order to study the existing forms of uranium in soil,the extraction methods of uranium from soil were discussed,and the chemical and biological remediation technologies of radioactive contaminated soil were summarized.The results showed that:compared with the advantages and disadvantages of Tessier method and BCR method,it is necessary to further optimize the continuous extraction method,establish a unified operation specification and extraction process,so as to make the extraction results comparable;previous studies on the chemical forms of uranium in soil mainly focused on the form distribution and ecological effectiveness of uranium in soil,and more qualitative studies were conducted,which made it difficult to improve uranium pollution in soil.Through the analysis of the principle,use conditions,advantages and disadvantages of different repair technologies,it is proposed that the comprehensive repair technology can solve the problems of single repair technology to a certain extent,so the discussion of composite repair technology will become the main direction of future.