人力资本与农户创业:“智商”还是“财商”更重要?

Human Capital and Rural Households'Entrepreneurship:Which is More Important,“IQ”or“FQ”?

创业活动对于我国农村发展具有深刻的经济与社会意义,促进农户创业不光要靠政策的拉动和资金的推动,农户创业自身条件的提升更为关键。以教育经历与金融素养为代表的“智商”与“财商”维度的人力资本对农户创业的影响,以及教育经历与金融素养的交互效应结果表明,教育经历和金融素养水平对农户创业决策及创业规模均具有显著的正向驱动作用,在对农户创业规模的作用机制中,学历教育与金融素养存在一定的可替代性,而技能培训与金融素养存在一定的互补性。有关部门应高度重视农户人力资本的积累,加强对学历教育层次较低农户的金融素养培育,在农户技能培训中搭配金融素养课程设置,促进农户创业层次的提档升级。

Entrepreneurial activities are of profound economic and social significance for China's rural development.Promoting rural households'entrepreneurship not only depends on the driving force of policies and funds,but also on the improvement of farmers'own conditions.In our research,we use the micro-data of rural households in the 2014 and 2016 CFPS surveys,with educational experience and financial literacy as human capital marked by“IQ”and“FQ”,to study the impact of educational experience and financial literacy on rural households'entrepreneurship and the interaction between educational experience and financial literacy.The results show that educational experience and financial literacy level have a significant positive driving effect on rural family entrepreneurship decision-making and entrepreneurial scale.In the mechanism of the scale of rural family entrepreneurship,educational level and financial literacy are not indispensable,while skill training and financial literacy complement each other.So we should attach great importance to the accumulation of human capital in rural households,strengthen the cultivation of financial literacy for rural families with little education,integrate financial knowledge into skill training,and promote the upgrading of rural household entrepreneurship.