观念、政策与执行力:包产到户与农村改革的起步

Idea,Policy and Implementation Ability:the Household Contracting and the Beginning of Rural Reform

“包产到户”是一项20世纪60年代初起就受到长期错误批判的政策。“文革”结束之后,被万里实践于安徽省的农村改革,取得了良好的绩效。从1978年中央工作会议上邓小平提出工农业“责任制”的问题之后,“包产到户”便成为农村改革的政策性突破环节。前后经过四年时间的宣传、试验、推广,终于克服了以“农业学大寨”推动农村发展的旧思路,而成为国家的主流农业政策。这个过程生动地证明了当代中国的农村改革是一场自上而下的改革,是中国农村集体化体制下农民愿望的必然反映,而观念的改变和强有力的改革执行力是成功的关键。

“Household Contracting”is a policy that had been long criticized since the early 1960s.After the“Cultural Revolution”,Wan Li first piloted the“Household Contracting”reform in rural Anhui,and got good results.In 1978,Deng Xiaoping raised the issue of“responsibility system”for industry and agriculture at a high-level meeting.Since then,“Household Contracting”has become a policy breakthrough in rural reform.After four years of publicity,experiment and popularization,we finally discarded the old idea of promoting rural development by modelling after Dazhai,and took“contracting”as the mainstream agricultural policy.This process proves that the rural reform in contemporary China is a top-down reform and a reflection of the aspirations of farmers under the system of rural collectivization under China's national conditions,and that the change of concept and the strong implementation are the keys to success of reform.