从信息物理融合系统问题模型到UML用例图的变换方法

Transformational Approach from Problem Models of Cyber-Physical Systems to Use Case Diagrams in UML

问题框架(Problem Frames,PF)方法在需求工程研究中已经获得广泛重视,特别是应用于基于环境建模的信息物理融合系统中,但如何有效地把问题模型(问题图及相关描述)转换为软件设计和实现,仍是一个亟待解决的问题。文中提出了一种问题框架与模型驱动技术相结合的方法,其可将问题模型转换为UML(Unified Modeling Language)需求模型中的用例图和概念类图,进而指导软件系统的设计和实现。所开发的CASE工具,通过支持领域涉众和软件设计人员合作建模来提高需求质量,并允许从问题空间的需求模型平滑过渡到解空间的软件设计。通过文献[1]中一个基准案例(邮件分拣控制问题)的扩展版本,展示了其可行性及在实际应用场景下的使用,从而对推动问题框架方法从理论研究走向实际应用具有重要意义。

Problem Frames(PF)have attracted extensive attention and research from the requirements engineering community,particularly in the environment-based modeling of cyber-physical systems(CPS).However,effectively transforming the problem models(i.e.,problem diagrams with associated descriptions)of PF into the design and implementation of software is still an open problem to be solved.This paper proposes an approach to automatically transforming problem diagrams into UML(Unified Modeling Language)conceptual class diagrams and use case diagrams,which can directly guide downstream designs and implementations.A method of combining PF and model-driven technology is proposed.This method,together with the developed tool support,improves the quality of requirements through collaborative modeling by stakeholders and software designers,thus allowing for the smooth transition from modeling in the problem space to software design in the solution space.This method is applied to the package router control problem,a benchmark case study in the PF literature,to illustrate its feasibility and how the work can be used in a practical setting,which plays an important role in promoting the PF approach from theory further into practice.