区块链共识算法效能优化研究进展

Research Advance on Efficiency Optimization of Blockchain Consensus Algorithms

近年来,区块链及其相关技术发展迅速,区块链也迅速成为了学术界的热门领域。然而,区块链的共识算法在资源花销、能源耗费和性能上都饱受诟病,因此需要制定一个能衡量其执行效率的指标,以评价其设计是否优良。由于共识算法的资源花销、能源耗费以及性能之间相互关联且关系复杂,因此有必要从“效能”的角度对现有区块链的共识算法加以分析,并总结研究思路。文中总结了区块链共识算法的效能优化研究进展。首先定义区块链共识算法的效能为“在正确性和有效性的前提下计算的共识算法性能、所需资源和能源消耗”,并分析这3个影响因素的关联;然后从公有链与联盟链两方面对共识算法的效能优化进行整理与总结;最后从多链区块链、多个区块链与BaaS这3个方面提出关于共识算法的资源共享问题,以供研究人员参考。

Blockchain and its related technologies have developed rapidly in recent years,and blockchain has rapidly become a hot field in the research field.However,blockchain consensus algorithm has been criticized in terms of resource consumption,energy consumption and performance.Therefore,it needs to develop an indicator that can measure its execution efficiency,so as to evaluate the design quality of consensus algorithm.However,the correlation between resource consumption,energy consumption and performance of consensus algorithm is complicated,so it is necessary to analyze the existing blockchain consensus algorithm from the aspect of efficiency and summarize the research ideas.This paper summarizes the progress of the efficiency optimization of blockchain consensus algorithms.First of all,we define the efficiency of blockchain consensus algorithm as“the performance of consensus algorithm,required resources and energy consumption calculated under the premise of correctness and effectiveness”,and analyze the correlation of the three factors.Then the efficiency optimization of consensus algorithm is collated and summarized from the two aspects of public chain and alliance chai.Finally,the resource sharing problems of consensus algorithm are put forward from three aspects of multi-chain blockchain,multiple blockchain and BaaS for the reference of researchers.