不同薯类淀粉结构性质与粉条品质的关系

Structural Properties of Starches from Various Root Crops and Their Effect on Vermicelli Quality

为深入了解淀粉结构与其粉条品质间的关系,对木薯淀粉(SC9、SC205、LMC)、红薯淀粉(XSSP)和淮山淀粉(GY2、SFY、MPY)的微观形貌、粒径、分子结构、结晶结构等性质进行表征,并分析了其结构性质与其粉条品质间的相关性。结果表明,各薯类淀粉的微观样貌、粒径、分子结构、结晶结构存在明显差异,淮山淀粉的粒径、1045 cm-1/1022 cm^-1峰强度比值和结晶度均大于木薯淀粉和红薯淀粉。淀粉的结构性质对粉条的品质影响显著,淀粉的粒径与粉条的膨胀系数呈显著正相关(P<0.05),均方根旋转半径与粉条断条率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与膨胀系数呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与综合评价得分呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。多分散系数与粉条硬度显著负相关(P<0.05),与粉条拉伸功显著正相关(P<0.05)。淀粉的1045 cm^-1/1022 cm^-1峰强度比值与粉条内聚性极显著负相关(P<0.01)。淀粉的粒径、均方根旋转半径、多分散系数、1045 cm^-1/1022 cm^-1峰强度比值等结构性质对薯类淀粉粉条品质影响显著,在选择粉条加工型薯类品种时,可以选择淀粉粒径、均方根旋转半径小的品种作为粉条生产原料。本研究为薯类淀粉粉条生产原料的选取和品质改善提供了理论参考。

The microstructure,particle size,molecular structure and crystalline structure of tapioca starch(from the cultivars SC9,SC205 and LMC),sweet potato starch(from the cultivar XSSP)and yam starch(from the cultivars GY2,SFY and MPY)were studied,and the correlation between starch structural properties and vermicelli quality was analyzed.The results showed that the root crops significantly differed in the microstructure,granule size,molecular structure and crystalline structure of starch.The granule size,1045 cm^-1/1022 cm^-1 peak intensity ratio and crystallinity of yam starch were larger than those of tapioca starch and sweet potato starch.Starch structural properties had significant effects on the quality of vermicelli.Starch granule size was positively correlated(P<0.05)with swelling index of vermicelli.Root-mean-square rotation radius(Rg)was significantly positively correlation with breaking rate(P<0.01)and swelling index(P<0.05)of vermicelli,but negatively correlated with comprehensive evaluation score(P<0.05).Polydispersity coefficient was significantly negatively correlated with hardness(P<0.05),but positively correlated with tensile work of vermicelli(P<0.05).There was a significant negative correlation between 1045 cm^-1/1022 cm^-1 peak intensity ratio and cohesiveness of vermicelli(P<0.01).Starch granule size,Rg,polydispersity coefficient,and 1045 cm^-1/1022 cm^-1 peak intensity ratio had a significant impact on the quality of vermicelli.This study provides theoretical reference for the selection of raw materials for vermicelli and quality improvement.