农村公共服务发展:影响因素与驱动路径--全国农村公共服务典型案例的定性比较分析

Rural Public Service Development:Influencing Factors and Driving Paths——A Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on Typical Cases in China

农村公共服务是促进乡村振兴的重要举措。已有研究对农村公共服务发展的影响因素与驱动路径偏重规范性的宏观分析却缺乏实证的经验探讨。文章在对国内外相关文献回顾的基础上,提出了农村公共服务发展的“决策-资源-发展-控制”分析框架,并通过清晰集定性比较分析的方法,对首批全国农村公共服务典型案例进行比较分析。研究发现:地方政府推动是农村公共服务发展的必要条件,财力资源、人力资源、新技术和标准化是核心条件,市场化、可及性、城乡帮扶是边缘条件,村民自治并未产生显著作用;这些条件变量组合构成“政府推动”的单因素路径以及“财政-控制”型、“人才-控制”型和“资源”型三种多因素组合路径。研究对农村公共服务发展进行了多案例经验研究的尝试,为农村公共服务发展理论与经验的总结与推广带来有益启示。

Rural public service is an important measure to promote rural revitalization.Existing researches on the influence factors and driving paths of rural public service development focus on normative macro analysis but lack empirical experience.Based on the review of relevant literature,this paper proposed the analysis framework o“f decision-resource-development-control”of rural public service development.In this paper,the typical cases of rural public service are analyzed through the Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative method.We found that Local government promotion is a necessary condition for the development of rural public services,financial resources,human resources,new technologies,and standardization are core conditions,marketization,accessibility,and urban and rural assistance are marginal conditions,and villagers’autonomy has not produced significant effects;these condition variable combinations constitute a single-factor path o“f government promotion”and three multi-factor combination paths of“budget-control”type,“human resource-control”type,and“resources”type.This article has made empirical research attempts on multiple cases of rural public services and brought useful practical inspiration for the summary and promotion of rural public service development experience.