从环境冲突迈向环境治理——近10年来中国环境社会科学的研究转向分析

From Environmental Conflict to Environmental Governance:The Analysis of the Research Turn in China′s Environmental Social Science for the Past 10 Years

伴随中国经济的高速发展,人类社会与自然环境之间的动态平衡被打破,环境冲突时有发生,环境研究的社会科学属性得以被重视与挖掘。对近10年中国环境社会科学多学科的研究指向及发展脉络进行梳理后发现,环境社会科学对于环境问题的关注早期多集中于环境冲突研究,且大致可以划归宏观和微观两个视角,宏观视角主要关注环境冲突生成的社会背景与外部结构性动因,微观视角主要关注环境冲突爆发背后参与个体或群体的心理与风险认知、文化及性别、情感、社会网络关系等因素。随着国家对生态环境问题重视程度的不断提高,生态环境问题在一定程度上得到了解决,环境社会科学的研究开始转向环境治理,环境政治学、环境社会学、环境法学、环境管理等学科对环境治理问题贡献了本学科的智慧,共同推动了环境社会科学研究向纵深发展。

With the rapid development of China′s economy,the dynamic balance between human society and the natural environment is broken.The frequency of environmental conflicts is increasing day by day,the social science attributes of environmental research is revalued and reexplored.After analyzing the research directions and development trend of China′s environmental social sciences in the past 10 years,it is found that environmental social science pays more attention to environmental conflicts in the early stage,which can be roughly classified into macro and micro perspectives.The macro perspective mainly focuses on the social background and external structural motivation of the environmental conflicts,the micro perspective mainly focuses on the psychological analysis and risk cognition,culture and gender,emotional effects,social network relationship and other factors of the individuals or groups involved in the outbreak of environmental conflicts.As China began to pay more attention to the environmental issues,the environmental problems have been solved to some extent.The focus of the environmental social science research began to turn to environmental governance.Environmental politics,environmental sociology,environmental law,environmental management and other related disciplines have contributed their wisdom to environmental governance,which promotes the in-depth development of environmental social science.