基于高通量测序技术的茶树根际土壤细菌多样性及土壤有益微生物对茶炭疽病发生的影响

Bacterial Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Tea Plants Based on Highthroughput Sequencing and the Effect of Soil Beneficial Microorganisms on the Occurrence of Tea Anthracnose

为了解不同茶树品种根际土壤细菌群落结构与多样性的差异及茶树根际土壤有益微生物与茶树抗病性的关系,利用高通量测序技术比较4个品种(白叶一号、黄金芽、黄金茶、中茶108)茶树根际土壤中细菌多样性以及群落结构分布规律,采用随机调查法调查4个品种茶树炭疽病的发病情况,通过相似性分析初步探讨茶树根际土壤中有益微生物种类及含量与其抗病性的关系。高通量测序分析表明,黄金芽根际土壤中细菌的丰度最低,中茶108根际土壤中细菌的丰度最高;4个品种茶树根际土壤样品共检测到10个门类的细菌,主要的优势菌门为绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi,20.13%~36.65%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria,20.52%~32.26%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,14.01%~21.06%)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria,9.52%~17.84%);4种茶树根际土壤中均检测出放线菌,但其所占比例存在差异,其中中茶108根际土壤细菌中放线菌所占比例最高。相关性分析结果表明,4个品种茶树根际土壤微生物多样性具有一定的差异,其中中茶108与黄金芽群落结构差异最大;4个品种茶树根际土壤中均含有的有益微生物包括短根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium spp.)、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonadaceae spp.)、Gaiellales spp.、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus spp.)以及Nitrosomonadaceae spp.。其中,黄金茶与黄金芽根际土壤5种有益微生物含量均高于中茶108和白叶一号;田间调查结果发现,黄金芽与黄金茶的发病情况比中茶108和白叶一号严重,表明茶树抗病性与其根际土壤细菌多样性和群落结构有一定的关联,土壤中有益微生物的含量在一定程度上可间接反映茶树的抗病性,有益微生物菌群所占比率与发病程度呈负相关。

In order to understand the differences of bacterial community structure and diversity in rhizosphere soil of different tea varieties and the relationship between beneficial microorganisms in rhizosphere soil and disease resistance of tea plants,high-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the bacterial diversity and community structure distribution in rhizosphere soil of four tea cultivars(Baiye No.1,Huangjinya,Huangjincha and Zhongcha 108),the incidence of anthracnose of 4 tea cultivars was investigated by random investigation.and the relationship between the species and content of beneficial microorganisms in rhizosphere soil of tea plants and their disease resistance was discussed through similarity analysis.High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the bacterial abundance in the rhizosphere soil of Huangjinya was the lowest,whereas that in the rhizosphere soil of Zhongcha 108 was the highest;a total of 10 phyla of bacteria were detected in the rhizosphere soil samples of the four tea cultivars,and the dominant bacteria phyla are Chloroflexi(20.13%~36.65%),Proteobacteria(20.52%~32.26%),Actinobacteria(14.01%~21.06%)and Acidobacteria(9.52%~17.84%).Actinomycetes were detected in rhizosphere soil of all the 4 kinds of tea plants,but the proportion of Actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil was different,among which the proportion of actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of Zhongcha 108 was the highest.The results of correlation analysis showed that the microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil of four tea cultivars had certain differences,among which Zhongcha 108 and Huangjinya had the largest difference;the beneficial microorganisms in rhizosphere soil of four tea cultivars included Bradyrhizobium spp.,Gemmatimonadaceae spp.,Gaillales spp.,Bacillus Spp.)and Nitrosomonadaceae spp.Among them,the contents of five beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of Huangjincha and Huangjinya were all higher than those of Zhongcha 108 and Baicha;the results of field investigation showed that the incidence of disease of Huangjinya and Huangjincha was more serious than that of Zhongcha 108 and Baicha,indicating that the disease resistance of tea plants was related to the bacterial diversity and community structure of rhizosphere soil,the content of beneficial microorganisms in soil could indirectly reflect the disease resistance of tea plants to a certain extent,and the proportion of beneficial microorganisms is negatively correlated with the degree of disease.