基于层层自组装技术的复合聚电解质及其应用研究进展

Research progress in polyelectrolyte complexes based on layer-by-layer self-assembly technology and their applications

聚电解质是一类在分子链上带有可电离基团的长链高分子。利用聚电解质之间的静电作用,可以在溶液中缔合形成具有三维高分子结构的复合聚电解质。由于在分子生物学方面的重要地位,近几十年来复合聚电解质已经成为科学研究中最具吸引力的课题之一。本文综述并讨论了基于层层自组装技术的复合聚电解质的形成机理、影响因素、自组装方式及其在纳米反应器、药物缓释、生物传感器、纤维和织物阻燃领域的研究进展。最后指出简化复合聚电解质生产工艺,精确控制其形态结构,实现复合聚电解质的多功能化将是未来的研究热点。

Polyelectrolytes(PEs)are a class of polymers with ionizable groups on molecular chains and could dissociate into a highly charged polymeric molecule in ionizing solvent.According to their surface charges,PEs can be classified into three groups:cationic PEs,anionic PEs and amphoteric PEs.PEs have received the attention of scientists for nearly a century ever since the discovery that some natural PEs could interact in water to form colloidal complexes known as polyelectrolyte complexes(PECs).PECs with three-dimensional macromolecule structure can be formed by mixing opposite charged PEs in solution.Formation of PECs will significantly influence the solubility,rheology,turbidity and conductivity of polymer solution and as-formed PECs contain the feature of stimulus responsiveness to change of external environment.Layer-by-layer self-assembly(LBL)of multilayers based on alternately adsorbing opposite charged PEs or multi-charged molecules on solid surfaces is a simple and multifunctional interface supramolecular self-assembly technology that developed in 1990 s.With the application of LBL technology,PECs with certain structures and properties are designed and are widely used in different kinds of industry.This review focuses on the preparation method,formation mechanism,influencing factors of PECs based on LBL technology.In addition,applications of PECs in nanoreactors,drug release,biosensor and fabric flame retardant fields were also summarized.Finally,it was pointed out that future research will focus on simplifying the production process,accurately controlling over the structure and realizing the multi-function of PECs.