客车座椅动态试验仿真与改进

Dynamic simulation of bus seats and model improvement

为了使新生产的客车座椅满足动态试验国标GB13057—2014的强制要求,利用显式有限元软件LS-DYNA 3D建立某公司客车乘员座椅三维数模和有限元模型,耦合HybridⅢ50%成年男性假人模型,得到客车座椅动态试验仿真模型;采用乘员损伤峰值、加权损伤指标(WIC)、乘员动态响应及位姿和客车座椅变形模式对标分析试验结果,验证模型可信度;通过改变座椅靠背海绵刚度和对座椅脚架开展基于成本考量的轻量化设计,改进仿真模型。结果表明:试验和仿真结果中乘员损伤指标和座椅变形吻合良好,WIC值误差不超过4.3%;轻量化设计效果明显,在成本增加2.8%的同时,座椅脚架减重31.8%,使WIC值降低11%;在综合考虑国标允许变形范围和座椅舒适性前提下,弱化座椅主要受力部件强度和降低前排靠背海绵刚度可有效降低后排座椅乘员综合损伤风险。

In order to have newly produced bus seats meet mandatory requirements of dynamic testing regulation GB13057-2014,a 3D mathematical model and finite element model of bus seats for a company was established by adopting explicit finite element software LS-DYNA 3D.And through coupling it with HybridⅢ50%male dummy model,a dynamic simulation model of seats was obtained.Then,test results were analyzed and simulation model was verified by using occupants’injury peak,WIC,dynamic responses and posture,and deformation mode of seats.Finally,the model was improved by changing sponge stiffness of seat back and light-weight seat foot design based on cost considerations.The results show that occupants’injury index and seat deformation are in good agreement in test and simulation,and error of WIC value is less than 4.3%.Moreover,light-weight design has obvious effects as seat foot weight reduces 31.8%and WIC value decreases 11%in case of an increase of 2.8%in cost.Weakening main components’strength and reducing sponge stiffness of seat back can effectively decrease occupants’injury level in rear seats on the basis of considering international acceptance standard of deformation range and seat comfort.