微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法同步检测白玉菇中Pb、As、Cd及其健康风险评估

Simultaneous Determination of Pb,As,and Cd in White Hypsizygus marmoreus by Microwave Digestion-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and Health Risk Assessment

以白玉菇为研究对象,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-质谱(microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,MD-ICP-MS)法测定市售白玉菇中As、Pb、Cd的含量,并与其他食用菌(香菇、姬松茸和平菇)对比差异性,采用靶标危害系数法(target hazard quotient/total target hazard quotient,THQ/TTHQ)评价食用菌中重金属对成人和儿童存在的潜在健康风险。结果表明,建立的MD-ICP-MS同步测定白玉菇中As、Pb、Cd的方法,在0~100μg/L范围内,回归方程线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9995,加标回收率在98.84%~100.92%范围内,表明实验的重复性好。采集样品经测定,白玉菇与香菇、姬松茸和平菇相比,重金属的总体平均量最低,姬松茸中的重金属含量最高,几种食用菌中As与Cd均高于国标值,表明不同食用菌富集重金属的能力具有很大差异,这批采集食用菌存在Cd和As污染的风险。从单一重金属的总体风险看,单金属As和Cd靶标危害系数THQ值均大于1,而从多种重金属的总体复合风险看,3种复合重金属靶标危害系数TTHQ值均大于1,研究表明白玉菇与其他3种食用菌对成人和儿童的复合健康风险主要由As引起,其次是Cd,研究提示食用菌栽培过程中栽培料及土壤水质等各环节重金属含量的控制,对于保证食用菌的安全性具有重要的现实意义,将为白玉菇等食用菌深加工产品研发和质量安全性评价提供一定理论依据。

The contents of arsenic(As),lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)in white Hypsizygus marmoreus sold in the market of Guangzhou were determined by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(MD-ICP-MS)and compared with those in other edible fungi(Lentinus edodes,Agaricus blazei and Pleurotus ostreatus).The potential health risks of heavy metals in these edible fungi to adults and children were evaluated by the target hazard quotient method target hazard quotient(THQ)and total target hazard quotient(TTHQ).The results showed that the MD-ICP-MS method exhibited a good linearity with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.9995 for As,Pb and Cd within the concentration range of 0–100μg/L.The recoveries from spiked samples were from 98.84%to 100.92%indicating good repeatability.The average content of heavy metal in white H.marmoreus was lower than that in L.edodes,A.blazei and P.ostreatus,and it was the highest in A.blazei.The contents of As and Cd in these edible fungi were higher than the national standard limits.Our data indicated that the various mushrooms had significantly different abilities to accumulate heavy metals and there were risks of Cd and As contamination for these mushrooms.The THQ values of As and Cd were higher than 1 and the TTHQ values of the three heavy metals were also higher than 1.The health risk of heavy metals in white H.marmoreus and the other three kinds of edible fungi to adults and children was mainly caused by As,followed by Cd.These results suggested that controlling the heavy metal contents in the cultivation materials,soil and wate is of important and practical significance for ensuring the safety of edible fungi.This study will provide a scientific theoretical basis for the development of processed white H.marmoreus products and for quality and safety evaluation.