基于大型监测样地的浙江红山茶种群结构与分布特征研究

Population Structure and Distribution of Camellia chekiangoleosa in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve

浙江红山茶Camellia chekiangoleosa具有重要的观赏、油用、药用、生态等价值,野外种群大多处于退化状态,但在古田山国家级自然保护区亚热带常绿阔叶林林下分布有成片的浙江红山茶野生种群。文章基于该保护区内24 hm2大型样地,研究分析了样地内浙江红山茶种群的年龄结构、生命表特征、生存曲线以及分布格局。结果表明,样地内共有7 565株胸径≥1 cm的浙江红山茶个体,其中,Ⅰ级幼树个体(3 912株)占总个体数量的51.7%;种群径级结构总体呈倒"J"型;生命期望值总体上随着径级的增加而减小;种群的生存曲线呈Deevey Ⅲ型,说明该种群采取大量繁殖后代的生存策略;样地内浙江红山茶集中分布在海拔550 m以上的常绿阔叶林下,以及海拔550 m以下的沟谷生境中,且各径级种群的分布格局呈现逐渐稀疏的趋势。上述结果说明,古田山国家级自然保护区内保存有大面积连续且集中分布的野生浙江红山茶种群,该种群具有较稳定的种群结构和分布规律,种群更新处于良好状态。这表明当地的保护区设置有助于浙江红山茶野外种群的维持。

During July and October 2010, tally was made on Camellia chekiangoleosa at permanent sample plot with 24 ha under subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve of Qianjiangyuan National Park, Zhejiang province. The results showed that there were 7 565 C. chekiangoleosa trees, among them, individuals with 1 cm≤DBH<2 cm had 3 912, accounting for 51.7%. The diameter class of the population showed J-type, indicating good regeneration. The life expectancy of the population decreased with the increase of DBH. The survival curve showed Deevey type Ⅲ, indicating mass propagation. The distribution of C. chekiangoleosa in was clustered under evergreen broad-leaved forest above 550 m elevation and in the valley below 550 m elevation.