厦门市2012-2019年3岁以下儿童营养状况分析

Analysis on nutritional status of children under three years old in Xiamen from 2012 to 2019

目的掌握厦门市3岁以下儿童营养状况,为该地区儿童保健工作指明重点方向,为改善儿童营养状况和政府制定相关卫生决策及健康干预提供科学理论依据。方法利用妇幼信息系统收集2012-2019年厦门市3岁以下儿童的体检资料,采用WHO推荐的生长发育标准及贫血诊断标准,应用SAS 9.3软件分析3岁以下儿童营养不良状况的变化情况。结果2012-2019年厦门市3岁以下儿童低体质量、生长迟缓发生率呈上升趋势,消瘦、超重、肥胖及贫血发生率呈波动状态,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。男、女童低体质量、生长迟缓、消瘦、超重、肥胖及贫血的发生率随年龄增长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低体质量、生长迟缓、消瘦发生率以13~24月龄最高,超重、肥胖、贫血发生以≤6月龄最高。不同年龄段男童低体质量、生长迟缓、消瘦发生率大于女童(P<0.05),除7~12月龄外,男童超重发生率均大于女童(P<0.05);1岁以下男童肥胖发生率大于女童(P<0.05)。结论2岁以下儿童是营养不良防治的重点人群,今后应加强疾病预防及超重控制,进一步加大广泛宣传婴幼儿喂养知识的力度、定期监测、及时干预来改善儿童的营养状况,进而降低本地区儿童营养不良的发生。

Objective To survey nutritional status of children under three years old in Xiamen,point out the important direction for child health care work in Xiamen,provide a scientific and theoretical basis for improving child nutritional status and making related health decisions.Methods Maternal and child information system was used to collect physical examination data of the children under three years old in Xiamen from 2012 to 2019,growth and development standard and anemia diagnostic criteria recommended by WHO were used in this study,SAS 9.3 software was used to analyze the changes of malnutrition status in children under three years old.Results From 2012 to 2019,the incidence rates of low weight and growth retardation in children under three years old showed increasing trends,the incidence rates of emaciation,overweight,obesity,and anemia fluctuated,there were statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The incidence rates of low weight,growth retardation,emaciation,overweight,obesity,and anemia in boys and girls increased with age,there were statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The incidence rates of low weight,growth retardation,and emaciation in children aged 13-24 months old were the highest;the incidence rates of overweight,obesity,and anemia in children aged 6 months old or less than 6 months old were the highest.In different age groups,the incidence rates of low weight,growth retardation,and emaciation in boys were statistically significantly higher than those in girls(P<0.05),except the children aged 7-12 months old,the incidence rate of overweight in boys was statistically significantly higher than that in girls(P<0.05);among the children under one year old,the incidence rate of obesity in boys was statistically significantly higher than that in girls(P<0.05).Conclusion The children under two years old are the key population of prevention and treatment of malnutrition,in the future,disease prevention and overweight control should be enhanced,popularization of infantile feeding knowledge,regular monitoring,timely intervention should be strengthened to improve nutritional status of children and reduce the occurrence of malnutrition in Xiamen.