论美国海商法下船方对装卸工人及港口工人的责任

Vessel’s liability for the longshore and harbor workers under U.S.maritime law

通过美国相关立法(成文法)和司法(判例法)两个维度,透过美国联邦法院的最新判例,对船方、码头装卸公司(雇主)、装卸工人及港口工人(雇员)三者之间在《装卸工人及港口工人赔偿法》第905节(b)款下的关系,“船方”的双重角色,“船方”和“装卸工人及港口工人”概念的发展以及船方对于装卸工人及港口工人的责任标准等相关议题进行了深入剖析,并在此基础上总结了船方在美国应对码头装卸工人及港口工人索赔时可以采取的应对措施和处理建议,以维护船方合法权益。

By reviewing the latest judgments released by the United States Federal Courts,the article analyses from the perspectives of both the statute and the case law the relevant issues,i.e.,the relationship among the vessels,the stevedore companies(employers)and the longshore and harbor workers under the Section 905(b)in the LHWCA,the role of the vessels in the“dual-capacity employment”,the developments on the concepts of“vessels”and“longshore and harbor workers”,and the vessel’s liability on the longshore and harbor workers.Based on the analysis,it provides suggestions on how to deal with the claims against the vessels as raised by longshore and harbor workers.