采血过程中容易出现的问题分析及对策研究

Analysis and Countermeasures of Problems in Blood Collection Process

目的探讨分析采血过程中容易出现的问题及对策。方法对采血过程中可能出现的局部淤血、标本溶血、静脉炎、晕厥、腹痛、恶心呕吐、心慌、头晕等问题进行原因分析,并提出改进对策,记录采血人员采血知识掌握情况、献血者献血反应发生情况及对采血的满意度。结果采血人员采血知识掌握情况考核评分为(85.29±3.18)分,献血者采血反应共出现18例,占比6%,分别为局部淤血2例、标本溶血1例、静脉炎2例、晕厥5例、腹痛1例、恶心呕吐4例、心慌1例、头晕2例。献血者对采血满意度为97%。结论对采血过程中容易发生的局部淤血、静脉炎、血流不畅、标本溶血、晕针等采血反应发生的原因进行分析,通过提高穿刺技术、加强无菌操作、对症处理、加强沟通、心理指导、规范性操作等对策,对发生的各种问题进行及时处理,能够有效降低淤血、静脉炎等不良事件的发生,提高采血质量。

Objective To probe into and analyze the problems and countermeasures in the process of blood collection.Methods The causes of problems of local congestion,sample hemolysis,phlebitis,syncope,abdominal pain,nausea and vomiting,palpitation and dizziness during blood collection were analyzed,and the countermeasures for improvement were put forward.Then,the knowledge of blood collection of blood collectors,the occurrence of blood collection reaction of blood donors and the satisfaction of blood collection were recorded.Results The assessment score of blood collection knowledge in blood collectors was(85.29±3.18)scores.There were 18 cases(6%) of blood donors responding to blood collection.They were local congestion in 2 cases,1 case of hemolysis,2 cases of phlebitis,5 cases of syncope,1 case of abdominal pain,4 cases of nausea and vomiting,1 case of panic and 2 cases of dizziness respectively.The satisfaction rate of blood donors was 97%.Conclusion The causes of local congestion,phlebitis,bloodstream obstruction,hemolysis and needle halo during blood collection are analyzed,which through improving puncture technology,strengthening aseptic operation,symptomatic treatment,strengthening communication,psychological guidance,standardized operation and other countermeasures,timely treatment of various problems can effectively reduce the occurrence of congestion,phlebitis and other adverse events,and improve the quality of blood collection.