不同有机肥用量对玉米植株生长及产量的影响

Different Organic Fertilizer Quantities Affect the Growth and Yield of Maize

旨在利用农业生产中大量秸秆、畜禽粪便等废弃物,制成有机肥料,明确有机肥的最适用量,探讨不同有机肥用量对玉米生长及产量的影响。于2016—2017年利用田间小区试验,有机肥用量为2.5、7.5、15、20、30、40 t/hm^26个水平,设计常规施肥处理、有机肥单施处理及有机肥化肥配施处理。结果表明:单施有机肥、有机肥化肥配施植株长势弱于常规施肥,抽雄期间单施有机肥延缓了玉米雄蕊抽出,与常规施肥间抽雄率差异极显著(P<0.01);单施有机肥较常规施肥减产6%~10%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。有机肥配施底肥增产效果较好,较常规施肥最高可增产4.53%,差异显著(P<0.05);随着有机肥用量的增加,肥料成本增加,效益值下降。玉米生产中不推荐单施有机肥,从增加产量、保证一定经济效益角度出发,在施底肥基础上,有机肥20 t/hm^2为最适用量。

The objectives are to use straw, livestock and poultry manure and other wastes from agricultural production to make organic fertilizer, define the most suitable organic fertilizer quantity, and study the effect of different organic fertilizer quantities on the growth and the yield of maize. The field plot experiment was conducted with six organic fertilizer quantity levels(2.5, 7.5, 15, 20, 30 and 40 t/hm^2) in 2016-2017. The conventional treatment, the single organic fertilizer treatment, and the organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer treatment were set up. The results showed that the plant growth vigor under single organic fertilizer treatment and organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer treatment were weaker than those of the conventional treatment, and the single organic fertilizer treatment delayed maize stamens extracting at VT period, the teaseling rate had extremely significant difference with that of the conventional treatment(P<0.01).The yield under single organic fertilizer treatment was 6% to 10% less than that of conventional treatment, the difference was extremely significant(P<0.01). The organic fertilizer combined with base fertilizer increased the yield obviously, the maximum yield increased by 4.53% compared with that of the conventional treatment, and the difference was significant(P<0.05). With the increase of the organic fertilizer application, the fertilizer cost increased and the benefit value decreased. Single application of organic fertilizer is not recommended in maize production, from the perspective of increasing yield and ensuring certain economic benefits, the most suitable organic fertilizer quantity is 20 t/hm^2 based on the base fertilizer.