不同油茶品种冠层光合有效辐射和结实特性分析

Analysis on canopy photosynthetic active radiation and fruiting characteristics of different cultivars of Camellia oleifera

【目的】为了明确油茶不同冠层的光合有效辐射和结实特性,为其树体的科学修剪和栽培管理提供参考依据和技术借鉴。【方法】分别以广泛栽培的树形不同的油茶良种‘长林4号’‘长林40号’和‘长林53号’为研究对象,调查分析了3个品种树冠上层、中层和下层的光合有效辐射利用特征及其结实率和果实性状特征。【结果】3个油茶品种树冠上层和中层的光合有效辐射截获率均显著高于其树冠下层的,且不同油茶品种树冠各层光合有效辐射冠层截获率的日变化规律存在差异,‘长林53号’树冠下层的有效光合辐射截获率明显低于‘长林4号’和‘长林40号’树冠下层的,‘长林40号’树冠下层的有效光合辐射截获率则相对较高;3个油茶品种不同冠层的果实其种仁含油率和油酸含量均无显著差异,其树冠上层果实的单果质量、鲜出籽率和单果籽粒数均显著高于树冠下层的,其结实率也明显优于其树冠下层的;与‘长林53号’和‘长林4号’相比,直立形品种‘长林40号’不同冠层的结实率则相对均匀;冠层的光合有效辐射截获率与平均结果数之间呈显著的正相关关系(R^2=0.8105,P<0.01)。【结论】油茶树冠上层的光合有效辐射截获率、单果质量、鲜出籽率、单果籽粒数和结实率均显著高于其树冠下层的;油茶冠层的光合有效辐射截获率为70%~90%,有利于其结实和高产。

【Objective】The photosynthetic active radiation(PAR)utilization and fruiting characteristics in different part of canopy of Camellia oleifera was clarified to provide guidance for scientific pruning and cultivation.【Method】The improved varieties’Changlin 4’,’Changlin 40’and’Changlin 53’with different canopy shapes were selected to study PAR utilization and fruiting trait.【Results】The PAR interception rate of upper and middle layer of canopy were significantly higher than that of lower layer and the diurnal variation of PAR interception rate was different among different cultivars.The PAR interception rate of lower layer canopy in’Changlin 53’was obviously lower than that in’Changlin 4’and’Changlin 40’and the PAR interception rate of lower layer canopy in’Changlin 40’was relatively higher.No significant difference was found in kernel oil and oleic acid content in fruits from different parts of canopy.While,the fruit mass,seed ratio and seeds number were significantly higher in fruits sampled from the upper layer canopy compared with the fruits sampled from the lower canopy.The fruiting performance of upper layer canopy was also better.The upright variety’Changlin 40’showed a relatively well-distributed in canopy fruiting compared with’Changlin 53’and’Changlin 4’.The PAR interception rate was positive related with fruiting number significantly(R^2=0.8105,P<0.01).【Conclusion】The PAR interception rate,fruit mass,seed ratio,seed number and fruiting rate of the upper layer of canopy were significantly higher than that of lower layer.And the PAR interception rate between 70%and 90%would be good for fruiting and high yield in Camellia oleifera.