陇南地区8个品种(系)核桃品质差异比较

Comparison of quality difference of 8 walnut varieties(lines)in Longnan area

【目的】为了探究陇南地区核桃品质差异,选择陇南地区8个品种(系)进行分析,以期为该地区核桃品种筛选与产品开发及原料选择提供参考。【方法】以营养品质(含油量、脂肪酸主要成分、矿质元素与蛋白质含量、风味)与安全品质(铅与镉含量及常用农药残留成分)作为核桃品质评价指标,使用NMR、ICP-MS、GC、凯式定氮仪、电子鼻进行检测。【结果】陇南8个品种(系)核桃坚果含油量为(536.0±3.30)^(685.0±1.60)g·kg-1;脂肪酸主要成分为棕榈酸、棕榈烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸、顺-11-二十碳烯酸,并且亚油酸和油酸含量比例高;矿质元素含量锌为(23.5±0.33)^(34.6±0.14)mg·kg-1、镁为(1483±15.33)^(1922±24.12)mg·kg-1、磷为(3187±24.56)^(4789±26.31)mg·kg-1、钾为(2898±26.31)^(3784±24.56)mg·kg-1;蛋白质含量为(158.0±2.30)^(221.0±2.40)g·kg-1;风味除‘元林’外,其余品种差异较小;丰产抗病优树镉含量为0.011 mg·kg-1,其余品种未检测出铅、镉重金属;无常用农药成分残留;基于主成分分析的品质综合评价优劣依次为‘强特勒’、‘泡核桃’、丰产抗病优树、甘谷堆穗状核桃、袖珍核桃、陇刘1号、成县‘清香’、黄家坝‘清香’、文县‘清香’、‘元林’。【结论】陇南8个品种(系)核桃品质差异较大,但是坚果矿质元素与蛋白质比较丰富,综合评价品质优劣依次为‘强特勒’、‘泡核桃’、丰产抗病优树、甘谷堆穗状核桃、袖珍核桃、陇刘1号、成县‘清香’、黄家坝‘清香’、文县‘清香’、‘元林’;核桃品质与品种、气候、立地条件有关。

【Objective】In order to explore the quality difference of walnut in Longnan region,8 varieties(lines)in this region were selected for analysis so that it can provide a reference for walnut variety selection and industrial product development and raw material selection.【Method】The nutritional quality(oil content,main fatty acid composition,mineral element and protein content,flavor)and safety quality(Pd and Cd content,and common pesticide residues)were used as the evaluation index of walnut quality,which were determined by NMR,ICP-MS,GC,Kay nitrogen determination instrument and electronic nose.【Result】The oil content of 8 Walnut varieties(lines)in Longnan was(536.0±3.30)-(685.0±1.60)g·kg-1;the fatty acids were mainly palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,peanut acid and cis-11-eicosenoic acid,and the proportion of linoleic acid and oleic acid was high;the contents of mineral elements in zinc,magnesium,phosphorus,potassium and potassium kalium were(23.5±0.33)-(34.6±0.14)mg·kg-1,(1483±15.33)-(1922±24.12)mg·kg-1,(3187±24.56)-(4789±26.31)mg·kg-1,(2898±26.31)-(784±24.56)mg·kg-1,respectively;the protein content was(158.0±2.30)-(221.0±2.40)g·kg-1,and there was little difference among other varieties except LN-04;the Cd content of LN-09 was(0.011±0.00)mg·kg-1,no heavy metals such as Pd and Cd were detected in other varieties;and there were no common pesticide residues;the comprehensive quality evaluation based on principal component analysis was in the following decreased order:LN-05,LN-06,LN-09,LN-10,LN-07,LN-08,LN-02,LN-01,LN-03,LN-04.【Conclusion】There are significant differences in the quality of 8 varieties(lines)of walnut in Longnan,but the nuts rich in mineral elements and protein,the comprehensive evaluation quality is LN-05,LN-06,LN-09,LN-10,LN-07,LN-08,LN-02,LN-01,LN-03,LN-04 decreasingly;and the quality of the walnut is related to variety,climate and site conditions.