不同薄壳山核桃无性系种仁氨基酸组成的比较

Comparison of amino acid composition of different clones of pecan

【目的】比较不同薄壳山核桃无性系种仁的氨基酸组成,为薄壳山核桃良种选育提供一些参考。【方法】以浙江省金华市东方红林场37个8年生薄壳山核桃无性系为研究对象,使用L-8900氨基酸分析仪,测定其种仁氨基酸含量,进行氨基酸组成分析,并根据薄壳山核桃种仁中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量等指标,对37个薄壳山核桃无性系进行系统聚类分析。【结果】37个薄壳山核桃无性系种仁均检测出17种氨基酸,必需氨基酸含量介于13.88~26.10 mg/g,氨基酸总含量介于41.22~87.60 mg/g;呈味氨基酸根据其含量从高到低依次为苦味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、芳香族氨基酸,分别占呈味氨基酸含量的42.16%、27.41%、22.34%和8.09%;药用氨基酸含量介于26.88~60.80 mg/g,平均含量为47.18 mg/g,占氨基酸总量的68.59%,药用氨基酸含量及比例均较高,开发利用潜力巨大。根据薄壳山核桃种仁中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量等指标,将37个薄壳山核桃品种聚为3类。其中,第1类包括23号、14号、21号、65号、9号、64号、66号、26号、29号、28号、72号、17号、马罕、威士顿、31号和8号,该类薄壳山核桃种仁的氨基酸、呈味氨基酸和药用氨基酸含量均最高,蛋白质品质最好。【结论】23号、14号、21号、65号、9号、64号、66号、26号、29号、28号、72号、17号、马罕、威士顿、31号和8号等16个薄壳山核桃无性系种仁的氨基酸、呈味氨基酸和药用氨基酸含量最高,可视为理想的选育、引种资源。

【Objective】The amino acid composition of kernels of different pecans were compared to provide a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of pecans.【Method】Thirty seven 8-year-old pecan clones from Dongfanghong Forest Farm in Jinhua City,Zhejiang Province were used as materials,and L-8900 amino acid analyzer was used to determine the amino acid content of their kernels.Based on the total amino acids and total essential amino acids in the pecan kernels,37 clones of pecan were clustered systematically.【Result】17 kinds of amino acids were detected in all 37 clones of pecans,and the essential amino acid content was between 13.88-26.10 mg/g,and the total amino acid content was 41.22-87.60 mg/g;the taste amino acid contents were ordered as bitter taste amino acid>umami taste amino acid>sweet taste amino acid>aromatic amino acid,which accounts for 42.16%,27.41%,22.34%and 8.09%of the taste amino acid content respectively;the medicinal amino acid content was between 26.88-60.80 mg/g,the average content was 47.18 mg/g,accounting for 68.59%of the total amino acid,both content and proportion of medicinal amino acid was higher,which showed extent development and utilization potential.Based on the total amino acids and total essential amino acids in the pecan kernels,37 pecan clones were clustered into 3 categories.Among them,the first category included No.23,No.14,No.21,No.65,No.9,No.64,No.66,No.26,No.29,No.28,No.72,No.17,Mahan,Western,No.31 and No.8,the content of amino acid,flavor amino acid and medicinal amino acid of pecan kernels in this class were the highest,and the protein quality was the best.【Conclusion】16 pecan clones including No.23,No.14,No.21,No.65,No.9,No.64,No.66,No.26,No.29,No.28,No.72,No.17,Mahan,Western,No.31 and No.8 have the highest contents of amino acids,amino acids and medicinal amino acids,which could be regarded as an ideal breeding and introduction resource.