无刺梅花椒‘武选1号’区域试验

Regional test of Zanthoxylum bungeanum’Wuxuan No.1’Prickless

【目的】给无刺花椒的推广种植提供参考。【方法】以陇南市经济林研究院花椒研究所选育的‘武选1号’无刺梅花椒为研究对象,以当地主栽品种‘大红袍’花椒为对照,在陇南市境内不同纬度、不同海拔设置3个区试点(文县、武都区、礼县)进行区域对照试验。观测物候期、果实表型性状和皮刺表型性状,并对产量和皮刺表型性状数据进行稳定性(变异系数)分析,对果实和皮刺表型性状数据综合进行相关性分析、主成分分析以及系统聚类等。【结果】在3个区试点,‘武选1号’无刺梅花椒萌芽期、现蕾期、展叶期、开花期、果实成熟期、落叶期基本一致。各区试点‘武选1号’无刺梅花椒果实表型和经济性状差异不显著,较对照‘大红袍’性状更稳定。在3个区试点‘武选1号’无刺梅花椒皮刺性状与对照‘大红袍’区别明显,表现出良好的无刺性状,同时各区试点‘武选1号’无刺性状差异不显著,说明‘武选1号’无刺梅花椒无刺性状稳定性较好,受环境的影响较小。通过对果实和皮刺表型性状进行主成分分析,选出单穗产量、皮刺大小、千粒鲜果质量、新梢长、果形指数5个主要因子。聚类分析结果表明,当欧式距离为5时,各区试点‘武选1号’无刺梅花椒聚为1类。【结论】在3个区试点不同的地理条件下,‘武选1号’无刺梅花椒的物候期、产量、果实、皮刺性状保持一致,经济性状和无刺性状良好且稳定,具有推广前景。

【Objective】The reference for Prickless Chinese red pepper promotion and cultivation was provided.【Method】’Wuxuan No.1’Prickless selected by Institute of Chinese Red Pepper,Longnan Economic Forest Research Institute was compared with local main cultivar’Dahongpao’in 3 areas(Wenxian,Duqu and Lixian)with different latitude and altitude.The phenological period,fruit and prickle phenotypic traits were observed.The stability(variation coefficient)of yield and prickle phenotypic traits were analyzed.The fruit and prickle phenotypic traits were analyzed comprehensively by using correlations analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】Germination period,budding period,leaf expansion period,blossom period,fruit maturity period and defoliation period of’Wuxuan No.1’Prickless were identical in 3 test areas.There were no significant differences on fruit phenotype and economic traits of’Wuxuan No.1’in each test area,and which was more stable than’Dahongpao’.In 3 test areas,’Wuxuan No.1’showed significantly different prickle phenotypic traits than’Dahongpao’,which with good prickless traits.Meanwhile,’Wuxuan No.1’Prickless in each test area had no significant differences on prickle traits,which mean prickless traits of’Wuxuan No.1’Prickless had good stability,and was less affected by the environment.Based on principal component analysis of fruit and prickle phenotypic traits,five main factors were selected including fresh mass per ear,size of prickle,mass of 1000 fresh grains,new branch length,fruit shape index.The cluster analysis result showed that when the Euclidean distance was 5,’Wuxuan No.1’Prickless in each test area be clustered into one category.【Conclusion】Under different geographical conditions of 3 test areas,the phenological period,yield,fruit and prickle phenotypic traits of’Wuxuan No.1’Prickless are consistent,and the economic and prickless traits are good and stable,which has the prospect for extension.