机会窗口、复合式战略与后发企业追赶——基于大华股份的纵向案例研究

Windows of Opportunity,Composition-based Strategy and Latecomer Firms'Catch-up:a Case Study on the Dahua Technology

基于中国本土化理论——复合基础观,以浙江大华技术股份有限公司(以下简称大华)为例,结合后发企业追赶需要考虑的重要情境即机会窗口,分析后发企业在追赶过程中,如何合理、灵活地采取复合式战略回应机会窗口,并利用机会窗口带来的发展机遇,实现从初始追赶到超越追赶再到行业前沿的追赶历程。研究发现,同一行业内不同机会窗口之间环环相扣、相互影响,某一机会窗口的出现也会触发其它机会窗口出现,进而引致整个行业机会窗口涌现;基于复合基础观视角,后发企业追赶路径的演变过程为:最初以技术模仿式创新为导向实现边缘赶超,继而以市场把握和扩张为导向实现商业模式创新,然后以全面协同创新为导向实现系统竞争力提升;后发企业通过实施复合式战略回应机会窗口的开启,能够帮助其更好地把握住发展机遇,实现追赶;与追赶路径演变相关联,随着企业内部资源与能力的积累,战略回应机制也相应地呈现为“被动回应—主动回应—引领拓展”的演变过程。

This paper conducts a case study of a leading figure in security industry,Dahua Technology from China's Zhejiang Province,and explores when faced with windows of opportunities,how the latecomer firm in different stages of catch-up cycle to integrate and leverage inside and outside resources,to respond the windows of opportunity via Composition-based strategy and makes the catch-up possible,from initial catch-up to surpass catch-up and then take the lead in the industry.The paper finds that,first,different windows of opportunities are interconnected and interacted,there is a domino effect,one window of opportunity will trigger the emergence of another,and then more window of opportunity in the entire industry.Second,the implementation process of Composition-based strategy is:taking Compositional-capability as the motive force,constructing Compositional-offering,surpassing through Compositional-competition.From the perspective of Composition-based strategy,the path of latecomer firms catch-up is evolving from"achieved edge catch-up guided by imitative innovation of technology"to"achieved business model innovation guided by market grasp and expansion"and then to"enhanced system competitiveness guided by comprehensive collaborative innovation".Third,during the catch-up cycle,latecomer firms adopt Composition-based strategy to respond the windows of opportunity and take advantage of these opportunities to make catch-up possible.With the accumulation and refinement of resources and capabilities,the response mechanism of Composition-based strategy to windows of opportunity evolves from"passive response"to"active response",and then leading at the edge.