我国水稻种植情况调研——基于9个水稻生产大省的调研数据

Investigation on Rice Planting in China--Based on Data of Nine Rice Provinces

为了解我国水稻生产的种植规模、种植方式、熟制模式等情况,确保粮食生产安全,研究以湖南、黑龙江、江西等9个水稻生产大省的调研数据进行归纳分析总结。结果表明:我国中部南部东部地区是水稻主产区,东北地区的黑龙江近年来在水稻生产中的地位愈发重要;种植方式上,湖南、江西以抛秧方式为主,黑龙江、江苏以机插方式为主,四川、广东以手工移栽方式为主,安徽和广西壮族自治区以直播方式为主,湖北的直播、手工移栽、机插3种方式占比相近;除黑龙江省外,其他省区均以二熟制种植模式为主,接茬作物一般为油菜、小麦或者晚稻。同时,为解决水稻生产中存在的问题提出了相关建议。

In order to understand the planting scale,planting mode and cropping system of rice production in our country for food security,this paper summarized and analyzed the investigative data of 56 stations established by the author’s research group in nine rice provinces.The results showed that:1) Central,southern and eastern China is the main rice production area,while Heilongjiang Province in northeast China is playing an increasingly important role in rice production in recent years.2) In terms of planting modes,Hunan and Jiangxi provinces mainly adopt the method of throwing seedlings;Heilongjiang and Jiangsu provinces are mainly mechanized transplanting;Sichuan and Guangdong provinces mainly adopt manual transplanting;Anhui Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region mainly use direct seeding;in Hubei Province,the proportion of direct seeding,manual transplanting and mechanized transplanting is similar.3) Except for Heilongjiang Province,other provinces mainly adopt the double-cropping system,generally planting rape,wheat or late rice as the succeeding crop.In view of problems in current rice production,some suggestions are also put forward.