贵州宽阔水国家级自然保护区生态健康评价

Ecological health evaluation of Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve in Guizhou

自然保护区主要森林植被健康评价研究可为自然保护区的经营管理提供科学理论依据,对于保护区主要森林植被的可持续发展及其建设的进一步完善都具有重要的意义。本研究以绥阳县宽阔水国家级自然保护区为研究对象,结合宽阔水自然保护区森林资源“二类调查”中2031个小班样地的8万多个数据,应用敏感性分析等方法筛选森林植被健康评价指标,采用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,建立宽阔水自然保护区主要森林植被健康评价模型,并以此开展宽阔水自然保护区主要森林植被健康评价分析研究。主要研究结果:(1)宽阔水自然保护区主要森林植被总体健康综合指数(HI)为0.479,处于较健康状态;各功能分区健康综合指数状况:核心区(HI=0.510)>实验区(HI=0.471)>缓冲区(HI=0.451);(2)从各功能区来看,较健康以上的小班数量为1404个,占总体小班数69.1%;健康小班数量比例中核心区最大(32.89%),其次是缓冲区(23.04%),最次为实验区(44.07%);(3)以地类计,有林地主要处于较健康以上状态,不健康的地类有≥25°坡耕地(36.7%)、人工造林未成林地(25.0%)、宜林荒山荒地(19.5%)、灌木林(18.8%);(4)各区导致不健康的主因不同,其中核心区主因是≥25°坡耕地(38.10%),缓冲区为≥25°坡耕地(31.43%),实验区是≥25°坡耕地(39.02%)和宜林荒山荒地(19.02%)。

The health evaluation of the main forest vegetation in nature reserves provides scientific basis for the operation and management of nature reserves,and is of great significance for the sustainable development of forest vegetation in nature reserves and for further improvement of the construction of nature reserves.In this study,taking Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve in Suiyang,Guizhou as the research object,based on the 80000 pieces of data from 2031 small class sample sites obtained in the second class survey of forest resources of Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve,we applied sensitivity analysis and other analysis methods to the screening of evaluation indexes,adopted analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each index,established the health evaluation model of the main forest vegetation of the nature reserve,and carried out health evaluation of the main forest vegetation of the nature reserve.The results were as follows:(1)the overall comprehensive health index(HI)of the main forest vegetation in Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve was 0.479,indicating a healthy state;the health index of each functional zone was core area(HI=0.509)>experimental area(HI=0.472)>buffer zone(HI=0.451);(2)there were 1404 small class sample sites that were in a healthy sate,accounting for 69.1%of the total number of small classes;the healthy small classes were mainly distributed in the core area(32.89%),followed by the buffer zone(23.04%),and the experimental area(44.07%);(3)forest land was mostly in a healthy state,and the unhealthy land types were arable land of slope≥25°(36.7%),afforest land(25.0%),barren mountains and wasteland suitable for forest(19.5%),and shrub land(18.8%);(4)the main factors influencing the ecological health of different functional zones were different;in the core area the main influencing factor was arable land of slope≥25°(38.10%);in the buffer zone the influencing factor was arable land of slope≥25°(31.43%);in the experimental area,the health of the main forest vegetation was mainly affected by arable land of slope≥25°(39.02%)and barren mountains and wasteland suitable for forest(19.02%).