儿童现金转移支付模式:国际比较与路径选择

Models of Child Cash Transfers:International Comparison and China’s Choice

儿童现金转移支付制度对于儿童保护和发展具有重要意义。按照是否选择受益对象和是否对受助对象有行为约束,可将目前世界各国的儿童现金转移支付政策分为三种模式:即普惠模式、无条件瞄准模式和有条件瞄准模式。不同的儿童现金转移支付模式有各自的优势和劣势。世界各国选择不同的模式主要基于四个维度进行考量,即单一目标还是多元目标、普惠还是补缺、有条件还是无条件、去家庭化还是再家庭化。中国作为无条件儿童现金转移支付模式的典型代表,未来可以考虑在完善现有瞄准式儿童现金转移支付制度基础上,针对特定的群体探索建立有条件的儿童现金转移支付制度。随着中国进入低生育率阶段,建立普惠式儿童现金转移支付制度将成为未来的发展趋势。

The child cash transfer system is of great significance to the protection and development of children.Based on whether the beneficiaries are selected and whether there are behavior constraints on the recipients,child cash transfer systems around the world can roughly be divided into three categories:universal model,unconditional targeted model and conditional targeted model.Each model has its advantages and disadvantages.Countries around the world choose their own models mainly based on four dimensions,namely,single goal or multiple goals,universal or residual,conditional or unconditional,de-familialization or re-familialization.As a typical country which adopts the unconditional child cash transfer system,China could consider exploring the establishment of a conditional Child cash transfer system for specific groups in the future on the basis of improving the existing targeted child cash transfer system.As China enters a period of low fertility,introducing a universal child cash transfer system is the future trend.For both targeted assistance and universal subsidies,the possible employment effects of the child cash transfer system should be carefully considered.