养老金制度的历史变迁与现实选择:基于新制度经济学的视角

Historical Changes and Current Choices of the Pension System:From the Perspective of New Institutional Economics

养老金制度自诞生起已经历了一个多世纪的变迁发展,逐渐成为世界各国社会保障制度最重要的组成部分。基于新制度经济学制度变迁理论,本文认为,养老金制度会在受到制度环境压力的约束作用下产生制度结构变革的强制性制度变迁,在受到制度需求变化的拉动作用时产生制度参量调整的诱致性制度变迁。养老金制度在与制度环境、制度需求的耦合过程中,会受到制度环境约束与制度需求适应效应的共同作用,通过强制性与诱致性制度变迁的方式实现制度的再均衡。我国养老金制度也需要在制度环境与制度需求变化的耦合作用下,做出基于特定约束下养老金制度变迁的适应性选择。

The pension system has undergone more than a century of reforms and development since its emergence,and has gradually become one of the most important components of the social security system around the world.Based on the theory of institutional change of the new institutional economics,this paper holds that the pension system undergoes imposed institutional changes,which are structural ones,under the constraints of the institutional environment and undergoes induced institutional changes,which are parametric ones,when driven by changes in the needs of the pension system.In the process of coupling the pension system with the institutional environment and institutional demand,the pension system will be affected by the constraints of the institutional environment and the adaptability of the institutional demand,and achieve institutional rebalance through both imposed and induced institutional changes.China's pension system also needs to make adaptive choices under the coupling effect of the changes in the institutional environment and institutional demand.