构建中国特色现代学徒制的立论基础、现实困境与路径选择

The Theoretical Basis,Realistic Dilemma and Path Choice of Constructing the Modern Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics

构建具有中国特色的现代学徒制已经成为我国职业教育的重大现实选择。我国对传统学徒制的文化心理,近代以来对新型“学徒制”的探索以及发达国家的经验为我国构建中国特色学徒制提供了立论基础。但是,我国在现代学徒制试点过程中还存在国家顶层制度设计的不完善导致的现代学徒制的规范性差,利益协调机制的缺失导致的学校与企业之间的互信承诺度低,评价标准体系的缺损导致的现代学徒制人才培养质量保障不充分等现象。构建中国特色现代学徒制需要尊重中国国情,加大对现代学徒制的立法与制度安排,优化现代学徒制的实施环境;发挥行业企业在标准制定中的能动作用,构建规范化与个性化相结合的技能培训模式;以技能培训效果评价为重心,构建职业标准与知识标准相结合的多元评价机制。

Constructing a modern apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics has become a major realistic choice for vocational education in my country.Our country's cultural psychology of traditional apprenticeship,the exploration of a new type of"apprenticeship"in modern times,and the experience of developed countries have provided a basis for our country's construction of apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics.However,in our country's modern apprenticeship pilot process,there are still imperfections in the design of the national top⁃level system,which leads to poor standardization of modern apprenticeship,the lack of interest coordination mechanism leads to low credibility commitments between schools and enterprises,and the lack of evaluation standard system.This has led to inadequate quality assurance of modern apprenticeship training.Constructing a modern apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics requires respecting China's national conditions,increasing legislation or institutional arrangements for modern apprenticeship,optimizing the implementation environment of modern apprenticeship;giving full play to the active role of industry enterprises in standard⁃setting,and building a combination of standardization and individualization Skills training model:Focus on the evaluation of skills training effects,and build a multiple evaluation mechanism that combines professional standards and knowledge standards.