深圳七娘山黄桐和乌檀所在风水林群落特征分析

Coenological characteristics of Endospermum chinense and Nauclea officinalis at the Fengshui woods of Qiniang Mountain,Shenzhen

基于样方调查,对深圳七娘山高岭古村风水林群落进行1500 m2的样地调查,分析其物种组成和群落结构特征,旨在为该群落的保护、利用与发展提供科学依据。结果如下:(1)群落种类丰富,共有维管植物117种,其中蕨类植物5科7属8种,裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物49科78属108种。种子植物属的地理成分以热带分布占优,高达91.13%;(2)群落外貌终年常绿,无明显季相变化和林冠起伏,层间结构丰富。其中乔木层以黄桐(Endospermum chinense)、肉实树(Sarcosperma laurinum)和银柴(Aporusa dioica)为主要优势种,次之有乌檀(Nauclea officinalis)、胭脂(Artocarpus tonkinensis)等;灌木层以九节(Psychotria rubra)、大沙叶(Pavetta arenosa)为主要优势种,而草本层以金毛狗(Cibotium barometz)为优势种;(3)群落Raunkiaer频度规律为A>B>C>D>E,C级和D级仅占3.65%,无E级分布,可见群落偶见种多,多优势种相互制约;(4)物种多样性方面,Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数均表现为乔木层>灌木层>草本层,与邻近保存较好的大鹏半岛香蒲桃风水林群落和钝叶假蚊母树群落,以及东莞的臀果木-黄桐风水林群落相比有着更高的物种多样性和均匀度;(5)优势种群年龄结构分析表明,乌檀种群为衰退状态,黄桐和肉实树种群处于增长阶段,群落在未来的发展中可能会演化成以黄桐和肉实树等中生性树种为主的中生常绿阔叶林。

In order to provide a scientific basis for the protection,utilization and development of the Fengshui woods of Gaoling Village in Qiniang Mountain of Shenzhen city,a 1500 m2 quadrat sampling method was conducted in its Fengshui woods to assess the species composition and community structure.In this study,108 species,derived from 49 families and 78 genera,were seed plants;8 species,derived from 5 families and 7 genera,were pteridophytes;and one gymnosperm species,were recorded.The geographical element characteristic of seed plants genus was dominated by tropical distribution,up to 91.13%.The forest community was evergreen,with no obvious seasonal changes and canopy fluctuations,and was with rich interlayer structure.For dominant tree species were Endospermum chinense,Sarcosperma laurinum and Aporusa dioica followed by Nauclea officinalis,Artocarpus tonkinensis,etc;the dominant shrubs species were Psychotria rubra and Pavetta arenosa;the dominant herbs species was the Cibotium barometz.The Raunkiaer’s law of frequency was calculated to be A>B>C>D>E,whereby C and D were only 3.65%and none for E.The Shannon-wiener index,Simpson index,and Pielou index showed that biodiversity richness was tree layer>shrub layer>herb layer.When compared with the adjacent well-conserved fengshui woods of Syzygium odoratum and Distyliopsis tutcheri communities in Dapeng Peninsula and the Pygeum topengii-E.chinense community in Dongguan,Higher species diversity was observed for the E.chinense-N.officinalis community in Qiniang Mountain.The age structure analysis of the dominant species showed that the population size of N.officinalis was declining,while the population sizes of E.chinense and S.laurinum was increasing.We concluded that this Fenshui woods might evolve into a mesophytic evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by E.chinense and S.laurinum in the future.