济源市植烟土壤养分时空变异分析

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Soil Nutrients for Tobacco Planting in Jiyuan City

为全面掌握济源市植烟土壤养分的时空变异特点和丰缺状况,分别采集了2008和2018年有代表性的植烟土壤样品进行统计分析。结果表明,从土壤养分平均含量看,济源烟区土壤pH呈中性,速效钾、有效锌分别为266.56、2.45 mg/kg,含量较丰富;有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、有效硼、水溶性氯分别为11.40 g/kg、0.69 g/kg、62.17 mg/kg、15.82 mg/kg、0.52 mg/kg、11.43 mg/kg,超过50%的土壤速效氮含量高、水溶性氯含量低,基本满足优质烟叶生长需要。经过10年来的生产综合利用,pH、有机质、全氮和速效氮含量呈下降趋势,速效磷和速效钾含量增加,有效锌和有效硼大幅提升,水溶性氯有所提高,全市烟田土壤营养状况较为理想。但是区域间分布不平衡,有22%的土壤有机质含量偏低,近40%的土壤速效磷和有效硼缺乏。根据土壤养分变化、丰缺状况分布和聚类分析结果,为济源烟区烟田分类合理施肥提供了参考依据。

In order to fully grasp the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and abundance and deficiency of tobacco planting soil nutrients in Jiyuan City,representative tobacco planting soil samples in 2008 and 2018 were collected for statistical analysis.The results showed that the average content of soil nutrients showed that the pH value of soil in Jiyuan tobacco area was neutral.The content of available potassium and zinc were 266.56 and 2.45 mg/kg,abundant in content.The content of organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available boron and water-soluble chlorine were 11.40 g/kg,0.69 g/kg,62.17 mg/kg,15.82 mg/kg,0.52 mg/kg and 11.43 mg/kg,respectively.More than half of the soil available nitrogen content was high and water-soluble chlorine content was low.The soil nutrients basically met the growth needs of high-quality tobacco.After 10 years of production and comprehensive utilization,the pH,organic matter,total nitrogen and available nitrogen content decreased,the content of available phosphorus and potassium increased significantly,the available zinc and boron increased significantly,and the water-soluble chlorine increased.The soil nutrition of tobacco field in the whole city was ideal.But the regional distribution was not balanced,22%of the soil organic matter content was low,nearly 40%of the soil available phosphorus and available boron were lack.According to the changes of soil nutrients,the distribution of rich and poor conditions and the results of cluster analysis,it provided a reference for the classified and rational fertilization of tobacco field in Jiyuan tobacco area.