贵州毕节主要植烟区土壤肥力综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Bijie Tobacco-growing Areas of Guizhou Province

为了明确贵州毕节各植烟区的土壤肥力状况,为土壤改良和烟草平衡施肥提供理论依据,对毕节3个主要植烟地区79个土壤样本进行了测定。结果表明,毕节主要植烟土壤95.33%以上的土壤pH在适宜植烟范围内,其中金沙、大方地区土壤全部处于适宜范围;23.86%的土壤有机质含量在丰富水平,而仍有38.57%的土壤有机质处于低等水平;速效氮含量丰富,有58.90%的土壤样品都处于偏高水平;速效磷含量普遍处于较低水平,有53.24%的土壤含量较低;速效钾含量较低,处于较低及以下水平的占53.24%,中等水平的占37.98%;全氮、有效硫、有效锌含量丰富;水溶性氯含量均处于适宜范围内;有效铜含量较为丰富,除16.33%的土壤含量较低外,其余均在中等以上水平。根据植烟土壤养分状况,提出了“控氮、增磷、补钾、分类施有机肥”及“普遍控制含硫肥料,因地制宜地增施相应的微肥”等施肥建议。

In order to learn the soil fertility situations to provide the theory basis on soil improvement and balanced fertilization in main tobacco-growing areas of Bijie Region Guizhou Province,79 soil samples from 3 main tobacco-growing areas were analyzed.The result showed that the pH of over 95.33%soil was fit for growth of flue-cured tobacco,and all the areas of Jinsha and Dafang were in the appropriate range.23.86%of soil organic matter content was in rich,while 38.57%of soil organic matter was in the low level.Available N content was rich,while 58.90%of soil was in the high level.The available P content was correspondingly lower,53.24%of soil was lower.In the soil,the available K content was correspondingly lower,the lower area was about 53.24%,the middle ones account for 37.98%.Total nitrogen,effective S and effective Zn were rich in most of the tobacco-growing areas.Water soluble chlorine was suitable for tobacco growth.Effective Cu was lower than the critical value with a percentage of 16.33%of the region,the rest were all above average levels.According to the status,it was suggested that controlling N,increasing P,supplying K,selectively applying organic fertilizer,general controlling sulfur fertilizer and applying microelement fertilizers according to the local soil microelemen status should be adopted.