纪昀诗论中的“兴象”创构观

On the Concept of“Xingxiang”Creation in the Poetics of Ji Yun

纪昀是传统美学"兴象"论的重要人物,他在诗论中将触物起情之"兴"与情兴寄托之"象"统一于"兴象"创构的逻辑体系,从审美思维与艺术技法等方面对诗歌"兴象"的艺术创构作了理论探讨。他将"兴象"之"兴"建立在"物感"论的基础上,强调主体以至性至情对物象即兴观取。同时,纪昀提出"兴象玲珑,情景交融"的审美范式,要求诗人运用比兴手法来结撰情景,取思构象。在创构赋形阶段,他力倡范畴意味的锤炼,主张通过炼气炼神来赋予"兴象"含蓄深微的美学意蕴。纪昀的"兴象"创构观,整合了传统"兴象"范畴的理论资源,折衷诸家而集大成,为我们厘清古代意象美学的思想资源与建构当代意象美学的话语体系,具有重要意义。

Ji Yun is an important figure in the theory of"xingxiang"(affective images)in the traditional aesthetics.In his poetics,he unifies the"xing"(affection)out of the response to nature and the"xiang"(image)of affective sustenance into the logical system of"xingxiang"creation,making a theoretical discussion on the artistic creation of poetic"xingxiang"from the aspects of aesthetic thinking and artistic techniques.Establishing the"xing"in"xingxiang"on the basis of the"wugan"(matter-feeling relatedness)philosophy,he emphasizes the impromptu observation of object and image from the poet’s instinctive feelings.At the same time,Ji Yun puts forward the aesthetic paradigm of"the exquisiteness of xingxiang and the intermingling of feeling with scene",calling for the poets to realize the conception of image by means of rhetorical metaphor.As for the expression of creation,he advocates the abstraction of categorial implications,holding that the vigor and spirit must be abstracted or trained to endow"xingxiang"with the implicit and subtle aesthetic implications.Ji Yun’s con.cept of"xingxiang"creation,integrating the theoretical resources of the traditional"xingxiang"category,epito.mizes the different schools,which is of great significance to clarify the ideological resources of the ancient image aesthetics and construct the discourse system of the contemporary image aesthetics.