1961-2018年内蒙古风速变化及影响因素分析

Analysis of spatial and temporal change of wind velocity and its affecting factors in Inner Mongolia

利用内蒙古及周边地区1961-2018年85个气象观测站的逐日风速资料,以及1961-2016年环流特征量资料,运用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall检验和小波分析等方法,分析近58a内蒙古平均风速时空分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)58a来,内蒙古平均风速总体呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-0.21m/s/10a,春季平均风速下降最为明显,气候倾向率达到-0.26m/s/10a。风速在1960s年代末和1970s年代初最高,在2010年以后有所回升,其中秋冬季回升较快。(2)内蒙古全区94%的站点呈下降趋势,但是风速有明显的区域性特征,中部的锡林郭勒盟与乌兰察布市交界处平均风速最大且下降最明显,呼伦贝尔市北部与呼和浩特市平均风速最小,但是上升最明显。(3)内蒙古平均风速变化与同期欧亚经向环流指数和北半球极涡面积指数的变化呈显著正相关;与北半球副高面积指数、西藏高原气压指数和东亚槽强度的变化呈显著负相关。

The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the wind velocity and its affecting factors in Inner Mongolia in recent 58 years were analyzed based on the daily wind velocity data of 85 meteorological observation stations in Inner Mongolia and its surrounding areas from 1961 to 2018 and the circulation characteristic data from 1981 to 2016 by means of climate tendency,Mann-Kendall test,and wavelet analysis.The results showed that:(1)In the past 58 years,the wind velocity in Inner Mongolia had declined,and its climate tendency rate was-0.21 m/s/10 a.The wind velocity in spring had declined most obviously with the climate tendency rate of-0.26 m/s/10 a.The wind velocity was the highest in the late 1960 s and early 1970 s,and rebounded after 2010,among which it rebounded faster in autumn and winter.(2)Spatially,the wind velocity at 94%of the stations in the whole region showed a downward trend.However,the change patterns differed among regions.The largest wind velocity and the most prominent decline occurred at the junction of Xilingol and Ulanqab,conversely,the smallest wind velocity but the most increase occurred in the north of Hulunbuir and Hohhot.(3)The change of wind velocity in Inner Mongolia was positively correlated with the change of Eurasian meridional circulation index and polar vortex area index in the northern hemisphere,and negatively correlated with the change of subtropical high area index in the northern hemisphere,Tibetan plateau pressure index and the intensity of the East Asian trough.