工业机器人应用对制造业劳动生产率的影响研究——基于欧美13个国家数据的经验分析

Research on the Influence of Industrial Robot Application on Manufacturing Labor Productivity——Experience Analysis Based on Data from 13 Countries in Europe and America

本文从制造业细分行业的角度实证分析了工业机器人对劳动生产率的影响,并对西方国家整个制造业就业人数的减少做出解释。实证结果显示工业机器人的应用显著提升了制造业的劳动生产率,针对不同细分行业本身的特点,这种影响存在差异,工业机器人应用存在边际促进效应递减的趋势;从地域层面来说,工业机器人应用量大的国家,对制造业劳动生产率的提升作用更加明显,就整体而言,工业机器人的应用减少了制造业从业人员的比例,即制造业所能容纳的工人数量在逐渐减少。

This paper empirically analyzes the impact of industrial robots on labor productivity from the perspective of manufacturing industry,and makes a reasonable explanation for the reduction of employment in the entire manufacturing industry in western countries.The application of industrial robots has significantly improved the labor productivity of the manufacturing industry.Differently,the influence of different sub-sectors is different.The application of industrial robots may have a trend of diminishing marginal promotion effect.From a regional perspective,where the application of industrial robots is larger,the role of industrial labor productivity in manufacturing is even more pronounced.On the whole,the application of industrial robots has reduced the proportion of manufacturing workers,that is,the number of workers in the manufacturing industry is gradually decreasing.