高铁网络抑制城市创新驱动发展——来自FDI的“逆城市化”解释

The High-speed Rail Network Inhibits the Urban Innovation-driven Development of China——Base on the“Anti-urbanization”of FDI

现有文献鲜有研究高铁开通引发的FDI流动对城市创新究竟存在何种影响效应。本文使用1999~2018年282个地级市的面板数据,构建双重差分模型研究高铁网络对沿线城市创新的影响效应与机理。研究发现:(1)高铁网络对沿线城市的高质量创新能力存在显著的抑制效应,但对应用型创新存在显著的促进效应;(2)高铁网络引发的FDI流动导致沿线城市出现“逆城市化”现象,进而抑制了城市高质量创新驱动发展进程,其解释效力达到30%以上;(3)FDI借助高铁网络流动主要导致高研发强度城市产生了“逆城市化”现象。本文为政府利用高铁网络在全国层面引导FDI合理流动并推动沿线城市高质量创新驱动发展提供了经验数据层面的参考。

Based on the experience data of 282 prefecture-level cities of China from 1999 to 2018,this paper studies the impact of high-speed rail network construction on high-quality development of innovation-driven of cities along the line and the internal mechanism and approach by using the difference-in-differences model and more effective tool variables.As revealed by the results:first,the high-speed rail network has a significant inhibitory effect on the high-quality innovation development process of cities along the line,but it has a significant promoting effect on the“secondary innovation”;second,the phenomenon of“antiurbanization”of FDI caused by high-speed rail network is the internal mechanism which restraining the high-quality innovation de?velopment of cities along the line,and its explanatory power accounts for more than 30%;third,the high-speed rail network mainly promotes the flow of FDI to high innovation level cities,which leads to the phenomenon of“anti-urbanization”in such cities.Therefore,this paper provides reference value for the government to optimize the distribution of FDI at the national level and promote the development of high-quality innovation in cities.