“未来公共服务提供者”公共服务动机的政策干预效应——基于公费师范生的实证研究

The Policy Intervention Effect of Future Public Service Providers’Public Service Motivation——Based on the Empirical Research of the Free Normal Education Students

已有公共服务动机的解释变量主要集中在公共服务提供者的“内心变量”,忽视了许多外部因素,如政策、制度环境等。本研究尝试拓展影响公共服务动机的解释变量,探讨公共服务者政策感知和公共服务动机之间的关系。根据政策工具的属性(激励型与约束型)以及时间维度(当前或未来),将政策工具分为四类:现期激励型、现期约束型、预期激励型和预期约束型。基于“公费师范生”——这一未来在教育领域提供公共服务的群体展开实证研究,通过用问卷调查的前后测,探讨公费师范生对不同类型政策工具的感知对公共服务动机的影响效果。研究结果表明公费师范生的政策熟悉度对公共服务动机有显著影响,并启示政府可以使用更多预期激励型的政策工具(如编制)来提升“未来公共服务提供者”的公共服务动机。

The existing researches of explanatory variables of public service motivation mainly focus on the"inner variables"of public service providers and ignore many external factors,such as policy and institutional environment.This study attempts to expand the explanatory variables affecting public service motivation and explore the relationship between public service providers'policy perception and public service motivation.Based on the attribute(incentive or constraint)and time nodes(current or future)of policy instruments,this study divides policy instruments into four categories:current incentive,current constrain,expected incentive and expected constrain.This study is based on the empirical study of"free normal education students",a group that will provide public service in the field of education in the future.Through the pre-test and post-test of the questionnaire survey,it explores the impact of perceptions of different types of policy tools on public service motivation.The results show that the policy familiarity of free normal education students has a significant impact on their public service motivation,and suggest that the government can use more expected incentive policy tools(such as bianzhi)to improve the public service motivation of"future public service providers".