农业劳动力性别结构对粮食生产的影响——基于CFPS数据的实证分析

Impact of Gender Structure of Agricultural Labor Force on Grain Production:An Empirical Analysis Based on CFPS Data

利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,探寻粮食生产的性别差异及其影响,结果表明,女性在家庭实际种植面积、家庭粮食纯收入方面劣于男性,但随着农业机械化和社会专业化分工的发展,性别在粮食生产方面的差异会逐步减弱。从长期来看,社会专业化分工会替代家庭分工模式,专业化分工市场的形成与完善有利于打破规模阻碍、性别差异,推进机械化、农业现代化发展从而保证粮食安全。女性留守农村成为农业的主力军是“半城镇化”发展的结果,现有家庭分工模式与家庭分离现象不仅不利于土地流转实现土地的最优配置效率,也带来了许多社会问题,因此加快城镇化与农业现代化的同步发展,消除半城镇化现象,实现土地与人口的最优配置效率迫在眉睫。

Based on China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,this paper explores the gender difference and influence of grain planting among farmers.Empirical research shows that females are inferior to males in terms of actual planting area and net household grain income,but with the development of agricultural mechanization and specialization of social division of labor,gender differences in grain production will gradually weaken.In the long run,the specialized division of labor in society needs to replace the family division of labor.The formation and improvement of the specialized division of labor market is conducive to breaking the barriers of scale and gender differences and promoting the development of mechanization and agricultural modernization to ensure food security.Rural left-behind women become the main force of agriculture are the result of the development of“semi-urbanization”,the existing family division of labor and the phenomenon of family separation is not only unfavorable to realize the optimal allocation efficiency of land through land circulation,but also brings a lot of social problems.To speed up the urbanization and the synchronous development of agricultural modernization,to eliminate semi-urbanization phenomenon,and to achieve the optimal allocation of land and population efficiency is imminent.