植被演替的关键驱动机制研究及其在金属矿山修复中的指导意义

Advances in the key driving mechanism of vegetation succession and its guiding implication in metal mine remediation

金属矿山开采是重金属污染的主要来源之一。即使停止开采,矿山废弃地依然成为持续污染源,通过地球生物化学循环造成严重污染问题。矿山生态修复是解决这一问题的根本手段,植被演替作为修复的理论依据,能够指导金属矿山废弃地的生态修复。通过梳理影响植被演替的4个主要因素,包括立地环境、基质条件、群落动力学和物种属性,总结了优势物种通过植物-植物相互作用与植物-土壤反馈在推动演替发展中扮演的重要地位。目前,植物演替中后期的影响因素以及优势种作用尚缺乏研究,对多种因素的耦合影响知之甚少。因此,未来在增加自然演替中后期驱动机制、影响因素和过程研究的基础之上,应重点关注通过调整和控制相关阈值,达到快速、有效恢复生态系统与控制污染的目的。

Metal mining is one of the main sources of heavy metal pollution.Even if mining is stopped,abandoned mines still become persistent pollution sources,causing serious pollution problems through the geochemical cycle.Ecological restoration is the fundamental means to solve this problem in mining area,and succession as the theoretical basis of restoration can guide the ecological restoration of abandoned metal mines.In this paper,four key factors driving succession were summarized,including site environment,soil conditions,community dynamics and species performances,and it was concluded that dominant species played an important role in promoting succession development through plant-plant interaction and plant-soil feedback.There remains lack of research on the influence factors and the role of dominant species in the middle and late stage of biological succession,and little is known about the composite influence of comprehensive factors.Therefore,in the future,more research on the driving mechanism,influencing factors and process should be emphasized in the middle and late stage of natural succession,the focus should be on adjusting and controlling relevant thresholds to achieve rapid and effective restoration of the ecosystem and pollution control.