微塑料对有机污染物的吸附及微塑料-有机物复合污染的毒性研究进展

Research progress on adsorption of organic pollutants by microplastics and toxicity of microplastic-organic compound pollution

近年来,微塑料逐渐成为全球关注的新型污染物,由于自身特性,对有机污染物具有吸附作用,进而改变其环境毒性。通过近几年国内外大量的文献统计,系统分析微塑料对有机污染物的吸附作用及影响因素,并综合评价了其复合污染毒性,主要发现有:(1)微塑料可以吸附环境中存在的有机污染物,且通常情况下,吸附能力受到微塑料的结构、粒径、老化程度以及环境中的盐度、温度、pH等影响;(2)由于微塑料对有机污染物的吸附作用,二者对生物体具有协同与拮抗两种毒性作用,但具体作用机制仍不清楚。基于此,针对微塑料对有机污染物的吸附作用及二者对生物的复合毒性的研究重点提出了几点建议。

In recent years,microplastics have gradually become a new type of pollutant of global concern.Due to its own characteristics,microplastics can adsorb organic pollutants,thereby changing their environmental toxicity.Based on a large number of literature statistics at home and abroad in recent years,this study systematically analyzed the adsorption effect of microplastics on organic pollutants and influencing factors,and comprehensively evaluated their compound pollution toxicity.The main findings are:(1)Microplastics can adsorb organic pollutants in the environment,and under normal circumstances,the adsorption capacity is affected by the structure,particle size,aging degree of the microplastics and the salinity,temperature,pH,etc.in the environment;(2)Due to the adsorption of organic pollutants by microplastics,the two have synergistic and antagonistic toxic effects on organisms,but the specific mechanism of action is still unclear.Based on this,this article puts forward several suggestions for the research focus on the adsorption of microplastics to organic pollutants and the combined toxicity of the two to organisms.