西夏服饰中梅花纹饰的类别及文化渊源

The Category and Cultural Origin of Plum Blossom Pattern in Xixia Clothing

梅花纹是西夏服饰纹样中喜闻乐见的装饰图案之一。依据梅花花瓣形态的不同,西夏服饰上的梅花纹饰呈现出两种类别,一种是写实或接近写实的梅花瓣,花瓣和花蕊以“面”的形式来表现,花瓣圆润,具象性更强。另一种是花瓣和花蕊以“点”的形式来表现,花瓣四片、五片、六片不等,形似梅花纹,但图案装饰性更强。因生态学上的梅花以花瓣围绕中心花蕊组成,有团团圆圆的既视感,因此梅花纹实际上也可认为是小团窠图案的一种。西夏服饰中普遍出现的梅花纹样,一则体现了西夏人对梅花的喜爱,二则反映了中原汉文化对西夏的浸润。

Plum blossom decoration is one of the favorite decorative patterns in Xixia clothing patterns.According to the different petal forms of plum blossoms,the plum blossom patterns on Xixia clothing show two categories,one is realistic or near-realistic plum petals,petals and stamens are expressed in the form of“noodles”,and the petals are round and more figurative.The other is that the petals and stamens are expressed in the form of“dots”.The petals vary from four,five to six,similar to the plum blossom pattern,but the pattern is more decorative.Because the plum blossom in ecology is composed of petals around the central stamens and has a sense of reunion,the plum blossom pattern can actually be regarded as a kind of small nest pattern.The plum blossom patterns commonly appeared in Xixia clothing,on the one hand,reflect the Xixia people's love of plum blossoms,and second,reflect the infiltration of Chinese culture in the Central Plains to Xixia.