聚偏氟乙烯/FeCl3复合纤维膜柔性传感器的制备及其性能

Preparation and performance of flexible sensor made from polyvinylidene fluoride/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes

为制备灵敏度高的柔性传感器,将六水合三氯化铁(FeCl3·6H2O)加入聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中,采用静电纺丝法制备PVDF/FeCl3复合纤维膜并组装成传感器。借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、接触角分析仪等对纤维膜的形貌、结构、润湿性、力学性能及压电性能进行表征。结果表明:适量的FeCl3·6H2O添加可增加纤维膜中β晶型的相对含量,进而有效提高传感器的压电输出性能,但过多FeCl3·6H2O会抑制β晶型的形成;当FeCl3·6H2O质量分数为0.5%时,纤维晶体结构中β晶型的比例达到最大值68.74%,最高输出电压达到约5 V;传感器对激振过程的反应时间可达0.025 s,且在不同激振频率下的响应时间基本一致,动态高频时具有较高的压电输出。

In order to prepare a portable flexible sensor with high sensitivity,iron(III)chloride hexahydrate(FeCl3·6H2O)was added to polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)to prepare PVDF/FeCl3 composite fibrous membranes by electrospinning and hence the sensor.Scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,contact angle analyzer were used to characterize the morphology,structure,wettability,mechanical properties and piezoelectricity of the fibrous membranes.The test results show that an appropriate amount of FeCl3·6H2O could increase the relative content ofβcrystal type in the fibrous membrane and thus effectively improve the piezoelectric output of the sensor.However,too much FeCl3·6H2O would inhibit the formation of theβcrystal type.When the mass fraction of FeCl3·6H2O is up to 0.5%,the ratio ofβcrystal type in the fiber crystal structure reaches a maximum of 68.74%,and the maximum output voltage reaches about 5 V.The response time of the sensor to the excitation process is up to 0.025 s.The response time is basically the same under different excitation frequencies,and the sensor shows higher piezoelectric output at dynamic high-frequency.