20世纪30年代中国的工业安全运动

Industrial Safety Movement in China in the 1930s

20世纪30年代前后中国工业出现了蓬勃兴起的局面。大规模生产和机械时代的到来和产业工人的工作状况的变化,导致机器设备、工作安全等问题跟不上生产发展的速度而导致三十年代工业灾害频仍,大量无辜生命瞬间消失、伤残增加了社会的负担,尤其是火灾、爆炸等重大灾害也给厂方带来重大损失。工业安全运动随之兴起,当时政府比较重视运用法律手段来调整和解决工业安全问题并专门在实业部设立中央工厂检查处,各地设立工厂检查员,开展工厂检查工作。知识界利用报刊舆论、图书宣传工业安全卫生知识、引介西方在工业发展进程中所形成的经验教训、政府与工业界合力举办工业安全卫生展览会,对改善管理制度和技术和提高民众安全意识,起到了较好效果,引起社会对安全问题的广泛关注。

In the first 30 years of the 20th century,industry in China witnessed a booming situation.The advent of the era of mass production and machinery and the change of the working conditions of industrial workers led to frequent industrial disasters since people’s sense of safety lagged behind.As a result,a large number of innocent lost livesand disabled people increased the burden of the society.Major disasters such as fire and explosion in particular brought great loss to the manufacturers.With the rise of the industrial safety movement,the government attached more importance to the use of legal means to solve industrial safety problems,and set up a central factory inspection office under the Ministry of Industry,and enrolled factory inspectors all over the country to carry out factory inspection.The intellectual circles used newspapers,public opinion and books to publicize industrial safety and health knowledge,and drew on the experience and lessons of the west in its industrial development process.The government and the industry circles held exhibitions of industrial safety and health,which improved the management system andskills and raisedthe public safety consciousness.They produced good effects anddrew social attention to related security issues.