基层服务型政府建设中的服务泛化问题及其解决

The Dilemma and Way out of Service Generalization at Community-Level Service-Oriented Government

当前,乡村领域的基层服务型政府建设存在诸多误区,其核心在于忽略了服务公共性的重要意义,陷入服务泛化的困境。本文以“12345”公共服务平台的乡村实践为经验基础,指出公共服务是公私利益治理的复杂过程,需要基层政府同时具备服务与规制的双重职能,实现公共利益。服务泛化导致私人利益寻租空间不断增加,更瓦解了基层政府的规制权与公共利益仲裁者的角色,从根本上削弱了基层的公共服务能力。基于乡村公共服务的整体性、关系性、实践性的基本特征,基层服务型政府建设需要具备公共服务的视野,以村庄为单位实现乡村利益整合、维持公平分配秩序。由此可见,服务型政府要从理念迈向实践,必须处理好服务公共性的问题,厘清公共利益与私人利益的边界,实现服务与规制职能的均衡。

At present,the theory of service-oriented governments is gradually entering into practice at the grassroots authorities.However,there are misunderstandings in both theory and practice,which lies in the neglect of the nature of public service,lost into the dilemma of generalized service-providing.Based on the case study of“12345”public service at villages,this paper concludes that public service is a complex balancing process between the public interests and the private ones,requiring dual functions of service and regulation for the grassroots authorities.The generalization of service-providing will lead to increasing rent-seeking spaces for illegal private interests,dissolving its regulation power and its role as an arbiter of public interests,and therefore fundamentally weakening its public service capabilities of the grassroots authorities.The construction of grassroots service-oriented government should have the vision of servicing for public interests,realize integrated balance of diversified interests and keep the order of fair distribution in villages.