基于田间高成熟度烟叶的烘烤变黄环境研究

Study on Yellowing Environment of Tobacco Based on High-maturity Tobacco in Field

为探索高成熟度烟叶适宜的变黄环境,试验采收云烟87高成熟度中部叶,于烘烤变黄期关键恒温点设置不同温湿度处理,研究其对烤后烟叶等级质量、化学成分及评吸质量的影响。结果表明,干、湿球温度分别为38.0、35.5℃处理上等烟率表现最好,较其他处理高6.6~18.2个百分点;均价干、湿球温度分别为38.0、35.5℃处理为31.24元/kg,较其他处理分别高0.88~1.40元/kg;高成熟率干、湿球温度分别为38.0、35.0℃处理以及38.0、35.5℃处理较高。从化学成分及协调性看,干、湿球温度分别为38.0、35.5℃处理表现较为协调,其次是干、湿球温度分别为38.0、35.0℃处理。权重分析结果表明,干、湿球温度分别为38.0、35.5℃处理以及36.0、35.0℃处理得分较高,分别较干、湿球温度分别为38.0、35.0℃处理和36.0、35.5℃处理高6.0~7.2和5.4~6.6分,差异显著;从评吸质量来看,干、湿球温度分别为38.0、35.5℃处理能有效提高烤后烟叶评吸质量,其吃味、杂气、劲头等表现都较好。综上所述,高成熟度中部叶关键变黄恒温点适宜的烘烤温湿度为干球温度38℃、湿球温度35.5℃。

In order to explore the suitable yellowing environment for high-maturity tobacco leaves,in the experiment,Yunyan 87 high-maturity middle leaves were harvested,and different temperature and humidity treatments were set at the key constant temperature points during the yellowing period of roasting to study their effects on the grade quality,chemical composition and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.The results showed that the highest smoke rate of Treatment T4(dry-bulb temperature of 38.0℃and wet-bulb temperature of 35.5℃)performed best,which was 6.6-18.2 percentage points higher than that of other treatments.The average price of T4 was 31.24 yuan/kg,which was 0.88-1.40 yuan/kg higher than that of other treatments.The high maturity rates of Treatment T2(dry-bulb temperature of 38.0℃and wet-bulb temperature of 35.0℃)and Treatment T4 were higher.From the perspective of chemical composition and coordination,Treatment T4 performed more coordinated,followed by Treatment T2.The weight analysis results showed Treatment T4 and Treatment T1 had significantly higher score,which was 6.0-7.2 points and 5.4-6.6 points higher than that of Treatment T2 and Treatment T3,respectively.From the perspective of the quality of evaluation,Treatment T4 could effectively improve the smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves,and its taste,gas,and energy performance were all good.To sum up,the key to high-maturity middle leaves turn yellow and the constant temperature point was controlling the suitable baking temperature and humidity with the dry-bulb temperature of 38.0℃and wet-bulb temperature of 35.5℃.