论刘恒政治身份转变与汉初政治格局

On the Transformation of Liu Heng's Political Identity and the Political Pattern in the Early Han Dynasty

刘恒经历汉王子、代王、汉帝的三个政治身份,是于汉初政治结构与发展下完成。三者既有社会地位的递进联系,又有政治格局发展的推动。刘氏宗亲、外戚、功臣三方势力平衡形成汉初稳定的政治格局。惠吕时期,吕氏外戚强盛,侵蚀刘氏与功臣的政治权力。高后崩逝之后的势力再平衡过程中,刘恒外戚关系是其身份转变的决定因素。继承制度变革所带来的影响便是文帝皇权重建过程陷入三种势力相互侵扰的困境。在功臣掌权,扼制外戚的政局下,文帝开启新的社会人员进入朝局的通道,加速了社会阶层间的联系互动。

Liu Heng experienced the three political identities of prince,king and emperor,which was completed based on the political structure and development in the early Han Dynasty.There are both progressive connection among these social status and the promotion by the development of political pattern.The political structure was formed by the balance of forces among the three members:the Liu family,the Lv family and the meritorious.During the period of Emperor Hui and Empress Dowager Lv,the Lv family became powerful,which eroded the political power of the Liu family and the meritorious.In the process of power rebalancing after the death of Empress Dowager Lv,Liu Heng's consanguinity is the decisive factor of his identity transformation.The influence brought by the reform of inheritance system is that the reconstruction of the Emperor Wen's power fell into the dilemma of three kinds of forces intruding on each other.Under the political situation in which the meritorious officials were in power and the relatives were restrained,Emperor Wen opened the channel for new social personnel to enter the court and accelerated the contact and interaction between social classes.