“十四五”时期“卡脖子”技术的破解:识别框架、战略转向与突破路径

The Solution of"Neck Sticking"Technology During the 14th Five-Year Plan Period:Identification Framework,Strategic Change and Breakthrough Path

“卡脖子”技术问题是我国应对全面技术封锁与遏制必须解决的问题之一,是“十四五”时期迈向创新型国家前列面临的重大现实问题。“卡脖子”技术不同于一般性的关键核心技术,其涉及产业链、供应链的安全性,兼具技术性、公共性、社会性与安全性等多维特征。破解“卡脖子”技术问题需要基于全新的识别框架、战略视野与突破路径。在构建识别甄选“卡脖子”技术的“金字塔”模型的基础上,提出以“底线开放思维+全面自主创新内生能力”的平衡战略新视野实现“卡脖子”技术突破的战略引领,实现核心自主可控与对外开放的动态平衡。“十四五”时期破解“卡脖子”技术问题,需要在制度层面以新型举国体制推动整合式创新范式建构,在产业创新生态层面着重深化两个融合重构开放式创新体系,并在微观企业层面着重建设面向“卡脖子”技术联合攻关的“央企+民企”分类主导的创新共同体。

The technology problem of"neck sticking"is one of the problems that China must solve to deal with the comprehensive technical blockade and containment,and it is also a major practical problem that China is facing in the forefront of innovative countries during the 14th five-year plan period."Neck sticking"technology is different from the general key core technology.It involves the security of industry chain and supply chain,and has the characteristics of technology,publicity,sociality and security.To solve the problem of"neck sticking"technology,we need a new identification framework,strategic vision and breakthrough path.On the basis of constructing a"pyramid"model to identify and select"neck sticking"technology,this paper proposes a new balanced strategic vision of"bottom line open thinking+comprehensive indigenous innovation endogenous ability",so as to realize the strategic guidance of"neck sticking"technology breakthrough,and realize the dynamic balance between core technology independently and opening-up.In order to solve the"neck sticking"technology problem in the 14th five-year plan period,we need to promote the construction of integrated innovation paradigm with the new national system at the institutional level,deepen the two integration and reconstruct the open innovation system at the industrial innovation ecological level,and focus on the construction of"central enterprise+private enterprise"facing the joint tackling of"neck sticking"technology at the micro enterprise level innovation community led by classification.