突发公共卫生事件下医疗卫生机构基础设施建设调查:基于武汉市数据

Surveys on the infrastructure construction of healthcare institutions in public health emergencies:data of Wuhan

目的以武汉市为例分析我国医疗卫生机构基础设施建设存在的问题,提出优化建议,为今后疫情防控提供参考。方法于2020年5—6月,通过问卷对武汉市56家医疗卫生机构进行调查,调查内容包括机构基本情况、传染病基础设施设置情况、针对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的已转换病区设置情况。对相关数据进行描述性分析。结果武汉市医疗卫生机构传染科床位数高达1.64张/万人,但实有的1873张床位和约5000张可转换病床无法满足新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发后的诊疗需求。在疫情暴发后共设置了19084张可转换病床,其中综合医院占88%;中医医院、中西医结合医院和妇幼保健机构每张已转换病床占用病区面积(<30.0m2)较综合医院和专科医院(>40.0m2)低。结论医疗卫生机构要科学配置"平战结合"病床,兼顾数量提高和效率提升;应具备底线思维,严格按标准及规划建设使用基础设施;政府部门要合理布局传染病防治设施及配置资源加强规划保障。

Objective To analyze, with Wuhan as an example, the problems found in the infrastructure development of China′s healthcare institutions, and put forward optimization suggestions for future epidemic prevention and control.Methods From May to June 2020, we surveyed with questionnaires 56 healthcare institutions in Wuhan, covering such aspects as basic information of the institutions, infectious disease infrastructure readiness, and the converted wards for COVID-19. Statistical descriptions were used to analyze data so acquired.Results The number of beds in the infectious departments of healthcare institutions in Wuhan amounted to 1.64 per 10 000 people, yet the existing 1 873 beds and about 5 000 convertible beds failed to meet the medical needs against the outbreak of COVID-19. After the outbreak, a total of 19 084 convertible beds were set up, of which general hospitals accounted for 88%;the area occupied by each converted bed in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, hospitals of traditional and Western medicine, and maternal and child hospitals (<30.0m2) was lower than that in general hospitals and specialist hospitals (>40.0m2).Conclusions Healthcare institutions should scientifically allocate " peacetime-wartime adaptive" hospital beds, optimize both the number and efficiency of these beds, and prepare for the worst scenarios, so that the infrastructure can be built and maintained in strict accordance with standards, government departments can rationally arrange infectious disease prevention and control facilities and strengthen their planning in case of emergencies.