保教机构“虐童”现象的情境预防

Situational Prevention of Child Abuse in Childcare Institutions

近年来保教机构“虐童”现象引起社会高度关注,其综合防治面临着司法防治成效有限、校园防治措施零散、社会防治体系尚未成熟等困境。本研究基于情境预防理论视角,通过对保教机构“虐童”事件裁判文书的分析发现,保教机构环境的封闭性、虐童行为识别和问责困难、结果导向的机构管理制度、多种类型的人际冲突、校园儿童保护制度可见度低,为“虐童”事件的发生提供了条件与可能。建议通过提升保教机构开放性、强化保教机构的内外部监督、健全保教机构管理制度、关注教职工身心健康、加强法律知识宣传与预警等措施,构建科学有效的保教机构“虐童”现象综合防治体系。

In recent years,the phenomenon of“child abuse”in childcare institutions has attracted great attention from the society,and its comprehensive prevention and treatment is confronted with such difficulties as limited judicial prevention and treatment effect,scattered prevention and treatment measures in schools,and immature social prevention and treatment system.Based on the perspective of Situational Prevention Theory,this paper analyzes the judgment documents of child abuse in childcare institutions.Results showed that the occlusion of physical environment,difficulties in identifying and accountability for child abuse,inappropriate institutional management system,multiple interpersonal conflicts and low visibility of child protection measures may provide conditions for the occurrence of child abuse.It is suggested to build a scientific and effective comprehensive prevention and control system of child abuse in childcare institutions by improving their openness,strengthening their internal and external supervision,perfecting their management system,paying attention to the physical and mental health of teachers and staff,and strengthening the publicity and early warning of legal knowledge.